อ้างอิง ของ ทุพภิกขภัยครั้งใหญ่ในไอร์แลนด์

  1. ↑ The term has appeared in the titles of numerous books on the event, as demonstrated by this search on WorldCat
  2. ↑ Kinealy (1995), xvi–ii.
  3. ↑ Christine Kinealy, This Great Calamity, Gill & Macmillan (1994), ISBN 10: 0 7171 4011 3, 357.
  4. ↑ David Ross, Ireland: History of a Nation, New Lanark: Geddes & Grosset, 2002, p. 226. ISBN 1-84205-164-4
  5. ↑ Cormac Ó Gráda, Ireland's Great Famine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Dublin: University College Dublin Press, 2006, p. 7. ISBN 1-904558-57-6
  6. ↑ Cecil Woodham-Smith, The Great Hunger, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991, p. 19. ISBN 978-0-14-014515-1
  7. ↑ Christine Kinealy, This Great Calamity, Gill & Macmillan, 1994, pp. xvi–ii, 2–3. ISBN 0-7171-4011-3
  8. ↑ Kinealy, This Great Calamity, p. xvii.
  9. ↑ The Famine that affected Ireland from 1845 to 1852 has become an integral part of folk legend. Kenealy, This Great Calamity, p. 342.
  10. 1 2 Cathal Póirtéir, The Great Irish Famine, RTÉ/Mercier Press, 1995, ISBN 1 856351114.
  11. ↑ Quoted in Blake (1967), p. 179.
  12. ↑ Woodham-Smith (1964), p. 31.
  13. ↑ Helen Litton, The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Wolfhound Press, 1994, ISBN 0-86327-912-0
  14. 1 2 Edward Laxton, The Famine Ships: The Irish Exodus to America 1846-51, Bloomsbury, 1997, ISBN 0-7475-3500-0
  15. ↑ Cecil Woodham-Smith, The Great Hunger, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991, ISBN 978-0-14-014515-1, pp. 20–1
  16. 1 2 Cecil Woodham-Smith, The Great Hunger, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991, ISBN 978-0-14-014515-1, p. 24
  17. ↑ Cecil Woodham-Smith, The Great Hunger, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991, ISBN 978-0-14-014515-1, p. 21
  18. 1 2 Cecil Woodham-Smith, The Great Hunger, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991, ISBN 978-0-14-014515-1, p. 22
  19. ↑ The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Helen Litton, Wolfhound Press, (2006 RP), ISBN 0-86327-912-0 , pp. 9–10
  20. ↑ Robert Kee, The Laurel and the Ivy: The Story of Charles Stewart Parnell and Irish Nationalism p. 15.
  21. ↑ Jill and Leon Uris, Ireland A Terrible Beauty (New York, Bantam Books,2003), p. 15.
  22. ↑ Cathal Póirtéir, The Great Irish Famine, Mercier Press (1995), ISBN 1-85635-111-4, pp. 19–20
  23. 1 2 3 Cathal Póirtéir, The Great Irish Famine, Mercier Press (1995), ISBN 1-85635-111-4, p. 20
  24. ↑ Jeremy Rifkin, Beyond Beef (pp. 56–57)
  25. 1 2 James S. Donnelly, JR, The Great Irish Potato Famine, Sutton Publishing (UK 2005 RP), ISBN 0-7509-2928-6, p. 40
  26. 1 2 Kinealy, Christine. This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine 1845–52. Gill & Macmillan: 1995. ISBN 1-57098-034-9, p. 31
  27. ↑ W.C. Paddock, "Our Last Chance to Win the War on Hunger", 1992, Advances in Plant Pathology 8:197–222.
  28. ↑ Woodham-Smith (1964), p. 38
  29. ↑ James S. Donnelly, JR, The Great Irish Potato Famine, Sutton Publishing (UK 2005 RP), ISBN 0-7509-2928-6, p. 41
  30. ↑ James S. Donnelly, JR, The Great Irish Potato Famine, Sutton Publishing (UK 2005 RP), ISBN 0-7509-2928-6, p. 41
  31. ↑ W.C. Paddock, "Our Last Chance to Win the War on Hunger", 1992, Advances in Plant Pathology 8:197–222.
  32. 1 2 James S. Donnelly, JR, The Great Irish Potato Famine, Sutton Publishing (UK 2005 RP), ISBN 0-7509-2928-6, p. 42
  33. ↑ Cecil Woodham-Smith (1962) The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845–9: 39–40
  34. ↑ Kinealy, Christine. This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine 1845–52. Gill & Macmillan: 1995. ISBN 1-57098-034-9, p. 33
  35. ↑ Christine Kinealy, This Great Calamity, Gill & Macmillan, 1994, ISBN 0-7171-4011-3 p. 32 put the date at the 16th
  36. ↑ Cecil Woodham-Smith (1962) The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845–9: 39–40
  37. ↑ Christine Kinealy, This Great Calamity, Gill & Macmillan, 1994, ISBN 0-7171-4011-3 p. 32
  38. ↑ Cormac Ó Gráda, Ireland's Great Famine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, University College Dublin Press, 2006, ISBN 1-904558-57-7 p. 7
  39. 1 2 Liam Kennedy, Paul S. Ell, E. M. Crawford & L. A. Clarkson, Mapping The Great Irish Famine, Four Courts Press, 1999, ISBN 1-85182-353-0 p. 69
  40. ↑ David Ross (2002) Ireland: History of a Nation: 311
  41. ↑ Cormac Ó Gráda, Ireland's Great Famine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, University College Dublin Press, 2006, ISBN 1-904558-57-7 p. 9
  42. ↑ John Mitchel, Last Conquest of Ireland (Perhaps), Lynch, Cole & Meehan 1873, reprint 2005, ISBN 1-904558-36-4 pp. 94–96
  43. ↑ John Mitchel, Last Conquest of Ireland (Perhaps), Lynch, Cole & Meehan 1873, reprint 2005, ISBN 1-904558-36-4 pp. 94–96
  44. ↑ Woodham-Cecil Woodham-Smith (1962), 41–42
  45. 1 2 John Mitchel, Last Conquest of Ireland (Perhaps), Lynch, Cole & Meehan 1873, reprint 2005, ISBN 1-904558-36-4 p. 96
  46. ↑ The Nation Newspaper, 1 November 1844.
  47. ↑ Young Ireland, T. F. O'Sullivan, The Kerryman Ltd. 1945
  48. 1 2 The Nation Newspaper, 1846
  49. ↑ Duffy, Peter, The Killing of Major Denis Mahon, HarperCollins, 2007, ISBN 978-0-06-084050-1, p. 312
  50. ↑ Duffy, Peter, The Killing of Major Denis Mahon, HarperCollins, 2007, ISBN 978-0-06-084050-1, p. 230
  51. ↑ Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, Four Years of Irish History 1845–1849, Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. 1888, pp. 277–278
  52. ↑ Last Conquest Of Ireland (Perhaps), John Mitchel, Lynch, Cole & Meehan 1873.
  53. ↑ Last Conquest Of Ireland (Perhaps)], John Mitchel, Lynch, Cole & Meehan 1873.
  54. ↑ F.S.L. Lyons, Ireland Since the Famine, 30.
  55. 1 2 Kinealy "This Great Calamity" pg 38
  56. 1 2 Robert Blake, Disraeli, 221–241.
  57. ↑ Cecil Woodham-Smith (1962) The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845–9: 78–86
  58. ↑ Michael Doheny's The Felon's Track, M.H. Gill & Son, LTD, 1951 Edition p. 98
  59. 1 2 3 4 Lyons, 30–34.
  60. 1 2 3 John Mitchel, Jail Journal of Five Years in British Prisons (New York: 1854), Reprint 1996, ISBN 1-85477-218-X p. 16,
  61. ↑ Cecil Woodham-Smith (1962) The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845–9: 408–11
  62. ↑ David Ross (2002) Ireland: History of a Nation: 224, 311
  63. 1 2 3 Fearful Realities: New Perspectives on the Famine, Chris Morash & Richard Hayes, Colourbooks Ltd, (200 RP), ISBN 0-7165-2566-6 , p. 60
  64. ↑ Kinealy (1995), 354.
  65. ↑ Young Ireland, T. F. O'Sullivan, The Kerryman Ltd. 1945, p. 107
  66. ↑ Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, Four Years of Irish History 1845–1849, Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. 1888, p. 278
  67. ↑ Miss Jane Francesca Elgee (Lady Wilde), mother of Oscar Wilde, and the wife of Sir William Wilde author of the Death Tables, in the 1851 Census.
  68. ↑ John Mitchel, Last Conquest Of Ireland (Perhaps), Lynch, Cole & Meehan 1873, reprint 2005, ISBN 1-904558-36-4 pp. 94–96
  69. ↑ Alfred Webb, unpublished biography, c. 1868, pp. 120–122
  70. ↑ Kinealy (1995), 161.
  71. ↑ Why crescentstar on Drogheda Utd emblem?
  72. ↑ Gratitude to the Ottomans
  73. ↑ Ward, Mike (1992). "Irish Repay Choctaw Famine Gift: March Traces Trail of Tears in Trek for Somalian Relief". American-Stateman Capitol. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-09-20.
  74. ↑ The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Helen Litton, Wolfhound Press, (2006 RP), ISBN 0-86327-912-0 , p. 95
  75. ↑ The Great Irish Famine, edited by Cathal Póirtéir, RTE / Mercier Press, 1995, ISBN 1 85635 1114 , p. 155
  76. 1 2 The Great Irish Famine, edited by Cathal Póirtéir, RTE / Mercier Press, 1995, ISBN 1 85635 1114 , p. 156
  77. ↑ The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Helen Litton, Wolfhound Press, (2006 RP), ISBN 0-86327-912-0 , p. 95
  78. ↑ The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Helen Litton, Wolfhound Press, (2006 RP), ISBN 0-86327-912-0 , p. 96
  79. ↑ History Ireland, Volume 16 No.6 (November–December 2008), p. 55
  80. ↑ The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Helen Litton, Wolfhound Press, (2006 RP), ISBN 0-86327-912-0 , p. 98
  81. ↑ The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Helen Litton, Wolfhound Press, (2006 RP), ISBN 0-86327-912-0 , pp. 95–98
  82. ↑ The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Helen Litton, Wolfhound Press, (2006 RP), ISBN 0-86327-912-0 , p. 99
  83. ↑ The Irish Famine: An Illustrated History, Helen Litton, Wolfhound Press, (2006 RP), ISBN 0-86327-912-0 , pp. 98–99
  84. ↑ William H. Gregory became the husband of Lady Gregory, heir to a substantial Galway estate which he dissipated by gambling debts on the turf in the late 1840's and early 1850's. (Cathal Póirtéir, p. 159)
  85. ↑ The Great Irish Famine, edited by Cathal Póirtéir, RTE / Mercier Press, 1995, ISBN 1 85635 1114 , p. 159
  86. ↑ The Great Irish Potato Famine, James S. Donnelly, Jr, Sutton Publishing, (2005 RP) ISBN 0-7509-2928-6 , p. 110
  87. ↑ C.Ó. Gráda, A Note on Nineteenth Emigration Statistics, Population Studies, Vol. 29, No.1 (March 1975)
  88. ↑ Irish immigration to America
  89. ↑ Foster, R.F. ,The History of Ireland: 1600–1972, (The Peguine Press, England, 1988) p. 371
  90. ↑ ibid. #2, p. 268
  91. ↑ http://www.mccorkellline.com/ McCorkell Line
  92. ↑ Irish Potato Famine Coffin Ships
  93. ↑ Early Emigrant Letter Stories
  94. ↑ Passenger List - Agnes, Cork Ireland to Quebec, 1847
  95. ↑ Peter Gray, 1995, The Irish Famine, Thames and Hudson:London
  96. ↑ Michael Doheny's The Felon's Track, M.H. Gill & Son, LTD, 1951 Edition
  97. ↑ History of Ireland, from the Treaty of Limerick to the present time (2 Vol). By John Mitchel James Duffy 1869. pg414
  98. 1 2 Woodham-Smith. The Great Famine, p204
  99. ↑ Civil registration of births and deaths ในไอร์แลนด์ was not established by law until 1863. Available: http://www.groireland.ie/history.htm Accessed 20 October 2007.
  100. ↑ William Bennett, Narrative of a Recent Journey of Six Weeks in Ireland (London, 1847), cited in A Critical Examination of a selection of travel writing produced during the Great Famine, by Gillian Ní Ghabhann, (Cork, 1997)
  101. ↑ Transactions of the Central Relief Committee of the Society of Friends during the Famine in Ireland in 1846 and 1847, Dublin, 1852.
  102. ↑ Report upon the recent epidemic fever in Ireland, Dublin 'Quartly Journal of Medical Science [DQJMS], Vol. 7 f/n.
  103. ↑ Líam Kennedy, Paul S. Ell, E. M. Crawford & L. A. Clarkson, Mapping The Great Irish Famine, Four Courts Press, 1999, ISBN 1-85182-353-0 p. 106
  104. ↑ Transactions of the Central Relief Committee of the Society of Friends p. 146
  105. 1 2 Richard Killen, A Short History of Modern Ireland (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan Ltd., 2003)
  106. ↑ Vaughan, W.E. and Fitzpatrick, A.J.(eds). Irish Historical Statistics, Population, 1821/1971. Royal Irish Academy, 1978
  107. ↑ Foster, R.F. 'Modern Ireland 1600–1972'. Penguin Press, 1988. p324. Foster's footnote reads: "Based on hitherto unpublished work by C. Ó Gráda and Phelim Hughes, 'Fertility trends, excess mortality and the Great Irish Famine'...Also see C.Ó Gráda and Joel Mokyr, 'New developments in Irish Population History 1700–1850', Economic History Review, vol. xxxvii, no.4 (November 1984), pp. 473–488."
  108. ↑ Joseph Lee, The Modernisation of Irish Society p. 1. Lee says 'at least 800,000'.
  109. 1 2 3 Líam Kennedy, Paul S. Ell, E. M. Crawford & L. A. Clarkson, Mapping The Great Irish Famine, Four Courts Press, 1999, ISBN 1-85182-353-0 p. 36
  110. ↑ Joel Makyr, Why Ireland staved, A quantitative and analytical history of the Irish economy 1800–1850 (London, 1983), pp. 266–7
  111. ↑ Cormac Ó Gráda, Ireland before and after the Famine, explorations in economic history, 18001925, Manchester, 1993, pp. 138–44
  112. ↑ S. H. Cousens, Regional death rates in Ireland during the Great Famine from 1846 to 1851, Population Studies, 14 (1960), 55–74
  113. ↑ Census of Ireland for the year 1851 part III, Report on the status of disease, BPP, 1854, lviii;part V, Tables of Deaths, vol. I, BPP, 1856 [2087-I], xxix;vol.II, 1856 [2087-II], xxx.
  114. ↑ Report upon the recent epidemic fever in Ireland, Dublin Quartly Journal of Medical Science [DQJMS], vol. 7 (1849), 64–126, 340–404; vol. 8, 1–86, 270–399.
  115. 1 2 3 4 5 Líam Kennedy, Paul S. Ell, E. M. Crawford & L. A. Clarkson, Mapping The Great Irish Famine, Four Courts Press, 1999, ISBN 1-85182-353-0 p. 104
  116. 1 2 M. Levi-Bacci, Population and nutrition: an essy on European demographic history, Cambridge, 1991, p. 38
  117. ↑ M. Levi-Bacci, Population and nutrition: an essay on European demographic history, Cambridge, 1991, p. 38
  118. ↑ D.J. Corrigan, Famine and fever as cause and effect in Ireland, Dublin, 1846; Henery Kennedy, Observations on the connexion between famine and fever in Ireland and elsewhere, Dublin 1847.
  119. ↑ Líam Kennedy, Paul S. Ell, E. M. Crawford & L. A. Clarkson, Mapping The Great Irish Famine, Four Courts Press, 1999, ISBN 1-85182-353-0 p. 104
  120. ↑ Cormac Ó Gráda, Ireland's Great Famine: Inter disciplinary Perspectives, University College Dublin Press, 2006, ISBN 1-904558-57-7 p. 3
  121. ↑ W. A. MacArthur, Medical history of the famine, in Edwards and Williams (1956) pp. 308–12
  122. ↑ Cormac Ó Gráda, Ireland's Great Famine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, University College Dublin Press, 2006, ISBN 1-904558-57-7 p. 67
  123. ↑ Cormac Ó Gráda, Ireland's Great Famine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, University College Dublin Press, 2006, ISBN 1-904558-57-7 p. 71
  124. ↑ Killen, John. The Famine decade, contemporary accounts 1841–1851. (Blackstaff, 1995) pp. 250–252
  125. ↑ Kinealy, Christine. This Great Calamity, p. 167
  126. ↑ David Ross, Ireland: History of a Nation, New Lanark: Geddes & Grosset, 2002, p. 226. ISBN 1-84205-164-4
  127. ↑ Kinealy. This Great Calamity, p. 357.
  128. ↑ "Irish Potato Famine and Trade," American University website.
  129. ↑ Quoted in Kinealy (1995), 80.
  130. ↑ Kinealy (1995), 254–260.
  131. ↑ Peter Gray, The Irish Famine, Discoveries. Harry N. Abrams, Inc: New York, 1995.
  132. 1 2 Gallagher, Michael & Thomas, Paddy's Lament. Harcourt Brace & Company, New York / London, 1982.
  133. 1 2 Donnelly, James S., Jr., "Mass Eviction and the Irish Famine: The Clearances Revisited", from The Great Irish Famine, edited by Cathal Poirteir. Mercier Press, Dublin, Ireland. 1995.
  134. ↑ Charles E. Trevelyan, The Irish Crisis, (London 1848).
  135. ↑ Kinealy (1995), xv.
  136. ↑ Kinealy (1995), 353.
  137. ↑ Jill and Leon Uris, Ireland A Terrible Beauty (New York: Bantam Books, 2003), p. 16.
  138. ↑ Shaw (1903), Act IV.
  139. ↑ MacManus, Seumas, The Story of the Irish Race, The Irish Publishing Co.
  140. ↑ "Dennis Clark: The Irish in Philadelphia". Temple University. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-11-02.
  141. ↑ Dan Ritschel, ?, "The Irish Famine: Interpretive & Historiographical Issues", Department of History, University of Maryland
  142. ↑ The Great Irish Famine Approved by the New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education on 10 September 1996, for inclusion in the Holocaust and Genocide Curriculum at the secondary level. Revision submitted 11/26/98.
  143. ↑ Duffy, Peter, The Killing of Major Denis Mahon, 2007, HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-084050-1, pgs 297-298
  144. ↑ Cormac Ó Gráda, "Black '47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy and Memory", p. 10
  145. ↑ Cecil Woodham-Smith, 1962. The Great Hunger
  146. ↑ Tom Hayden, Irish Hunger, Roberts Rinehart, USA/Canada, 1997–98, ISBN 1-57098-233-3, p. 29/103

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ทุพภิกขภัยครั้งใหญ่ในไอร์แลนด์ ทุพภิกขภัย ทุพภิกขภัยในจะงอยแอฟริกา พ.ศ. 2554 ทุพภิกขภัยในประเทศเอธิโอเปีย พ.ศ. 2526–2528 ทุพภิกขภัยครั้งใหญ่ ค.ศ. 1315–1317 ทุพภิกขภัยในเกาหลีเหนือ ทุพภิกขภัยในประเทศรัสเซีย ค.ศ. 1921–1922 ทุพภิกขภัยในไอร์แลนด์

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