อ้างอิง ของ อะตอม

  1. ↑ Leigh, G. J., ed. (1990). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Commission on the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry - Recommendations 1990. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. p. 35. ISBN 0-08-022369-9. An atom is the smallest unit quantity of an element that is capable of existence whether alone or in chemical combination with other atoms of the same or other elements.
  2. ↑ Haubold, Hans; Mathai, A.M. (1998). "Microcosmos: From Leucippus to Yukawa". Structure of the Universe. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-17.
  3. ↑ Harrison (2003:123–139).
  4. ↑ "Radioactive Decays". Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. 15 June 2009. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-07-04.
  5. ↑ Gangopadhyaya (1981).
  6. ↑ Iannone (2001:62).
  7. ↑ Teresi (2003:213–214).
  8. ↑ Ponomarev, Leonid Ivanovich (1993). The Quantum Dice. CRC Press. ISBN 0-7503-0251-8. OCLC 26853108.
  9. ↑ Moran 2005, p. 146.
  10. 1 2 Levere 2001, p. 7.
  11. ↑ Pratt, Vernon (September 28, 2007). "The Mechanical Philosophy". Reason, nature and the human being in the West. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-06-28.
  12. ↑ Siegfried 2002, pp. 42–55.
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  14. ↑ Siegfried (2002:42–55).
  15. ↑ "Lavoisier's Elements of Chemistry". Elements and Atoms. Le Moyne College, Department of Chemistry. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-12-18.
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  23. ↑ IUPAC article on periodic table
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  27. ↑ Thomson, Joseph John (1913). "Rays of positive electricity". Proceedings of the Royal Society. A 89: 1–20.
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  51. ↑ Wenner, Jennifer M. (October 10, 2007). "How Does Radioactive Decay Work?". Carleton College. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-09.
  52. 1 2 3 Raymond, David (April 7, 2006). "Nuclear Binding Energies". New Mexico Tech. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-03.
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  59. 1 2 Brucat, Philip J. (2008). "The Quantum Atom". University of Florida. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-04.
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  61. ↑ Herter, Terry (2006). "Lecture 8: The Hydrogen Atom". Cornell University. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-02-14.
  62. ↑ Bell, R. E.; Elliott, L. G. (1950). "Gamma-Rays from the Reaction H1 (n, γ) D2 and the Binding Energy of the Deuteron". Physical Review. 79 (2): 282–285. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.79.282.
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  65. ↑ Weiss, Rick (October 17, 2006). "Scientists Announce Creation of Atomic Element, the Heaviest Yet". Washington Post. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-12-21.
  66. 1 2 Sills (2003:131–134).
  67. ↑ Dumé, Belle (April 23, 2003). "Bismuth breaks half-life record for alpha decay". Physics World. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-12-21.
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  71. ↑ Chieh, Chung (January 22, 2001). "Nuclide Stability". University of Waterloo. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-04.
  72. ↑ "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-04.
  73. ↑ Audi, G. (2003). "The Ame2003 atomic mass evaluation (II)". Nuclear Physics A. 729: 337–676. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.003. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-02-07.
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  75. ↑ Dong, Judy (1998). "Diameter of an Atom". The Physics Factbook. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-11-19.
  76. ↑ Zumdahl (2002).
  77. ↑ Bethe, H. (1929). "Termaufspaltung in Kristallen". Annalen der Physik, 5. Folge. 3: 133.
  78. ↑ Birkholz, M. (2008). "Interatomic distances in pyrite-structure disulfides – a case for ellipsoidal modeling of sulfur ions" (PDF). physica status solidi b. 245: 1858. doi:10.1002/pssb.200879532. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  79. ↑ Staff (2007). "Small Miracles: Harnessing nanotechnology". Oregon State University. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-07.—describes the width of a human hair as 105 nm and 10 carbon atoms as spanning 1 nm.
  80. ↑ Padilla et al. (2002:32) —"There are 2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (that's 2 sextillion) atoms of oxygen in one drop of water—and twice as many atoms of hydrogen."
  81. ↑ Feynman (1995).
  82. 1 2 "Radioactivity". Splung.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-12-19.
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  85. ↑ Hornak, J. P. (2006). "Chapter 3: Spin Physics". The Basics of NMR. Rochester Institute of Technology. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-07.
  86. 1 2 Schroeder, Paul A. (February 25, 2000). "Magnetic Properties". University of Georgia. Archived from the original on 2007-04-29. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-07.
  87. ↑ Goebel, Greg (September 1, 2007). "[4.3] Magnetic Properties of the Atom". Elementary Quantum Physics. In The Public Domain website. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-07.
  88. ↑ Yarris, Lynn (Spring 1997). "Talking Pictures". Berkeley Lab Research Review. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-09.
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  90. ↑ Zeghbroeck, Bart J. Van (1998). "Energy levels". Shippensburg University. Archived from the original on January 15, 2005. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-12-23.
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  93. ↑ "Atomic Emission Spectra — Origin of Spectral Lines". Avogadro Web Site. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-08-10.
  94. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Richard (February 16, 2007). "Fine structure". University of Texas at Austin. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-02-14.
  95. ↑ Weiss, Michael (2001). "The Zeeman Effect". University of California-Riverside. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-02-06.
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  97. ↑ Watkins, Thayer. "Coherence in Stimulated Emission". San José State University. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-12-23.
  98. ↑ Reusch, William (July 16, 2007). "Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry". Michigan State University. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-11.
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  103. ↑ Brazhkin, Vadim V. (2006). "Metastable phases, phase transformations, and phase diagrams in physics and chemistry". Physics-Uspekhi. 49 (7): 719–24. doi:10.1070/PU2006v049n07ABEH006013.
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  105. ↑ Staff (October 9, 2001). "Bose-Einstein Condensate: A New Form of Matter". National Institute of Standards and Technology. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-16.
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  107. ↑ Jacox, Marilyn (1997). "Scanning Tunneling Microscope". National Institute of Standards and Technology. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-11. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  108. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986". The Nobel Foundation. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-11.—in particular, see the Nobel lecture by G. Binnig and H. Rohrer.
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  110. ↑ Müller, Erwin W.; Panitz, John A.; McLane, S. Brooks (1968). "The Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope". Review of Scientific Instruments. 39 (1): 83–86. Bibcode:1968RScI...39...83M. doi:10.1063/1.1683116.
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  129. ↑ Pennicott, Katie (May 10, 2001). "Carbon clock could show the wrong time". PhysicsWeb. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-14.
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  135. ↑ "Oklo Fossil Reactors". Curtin University of Technology. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-15.
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  139. ↑ Anonymous (October 2, 2001). "Second postcard from the island of stability". CERN Courier. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-14.
  140. ↑ Jacoby, Mitch (2006). "As-yet-unsynthesized superheavy atom should form a stable diatomic molecule with fluorine". Chemical & Engineering News. 84 (10): 19.
  141. ↑ Koppes, Steve (March 1, 1999). "Fermilab Physicists Find New Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry". University of Chicago. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-14.
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  144. ↑ Staff (October 30, 2002). "Researchers 'look inside' antimatter". BBC News. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-14.
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  146. ↑ Indelicato, Paul (2004). "Exotic Atoms". Physica Scripta. T112 (1): 20–26. arXiv:physics/0409058. Bibcode:2004PhST..112...20I. doi:10.1238/Physica.Topical.112a00020.
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