อ้างอิง ของ คริสต์มาส

  1. 1 2 Christmas as a Multi-faith Festival—BBC News. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  2. ↑ "In the U.S., Christmas Not Just for Christians". Gallup, Inc. 2008-12-24. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-12-16.
  3. ↑ Several traditions of Eastern Christianity that use the Julian calendar also celebrate on December 25 according to that calendar, which is now January 7 on the Gregorian calendar. Armenian Churches observed the nativity on January 6 even before the Gregorian calendar originated. Most Armenian Christians use the Gregorian calendar, still celebrating Christmas Day on January 6. Some Armenian churches use the Julian calendar, thus celebrating Christmas Day on January 19 on the Gregorian calendar, with January 18 being Christmas Eve.
  4. ↑ Ramzy, John. "The Glorious Feast of Nativity: 7 January? 29 Kiahk? 25 December?". Coptic Orthodox Church Network. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-01-17.
  5. 1 2 3 "Christmas in Bethlehem".
  6. ↑ Christmas, Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
    Archived 2009-10-31.
  7. 1 2 3 "Christmas", The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913.
  8. ↑ "The Christmas Season". CRI / Voice, Institute. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-12-25.
  9. ↑ Why I celebrate Christmas, by the world's most famous atheist – DailyMail. December 23, 2008. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
  10. ↑ Non-Christians focus on secular side of Christmas — Sioux City Journal. Retrieved 2009-11-18.
  11. ↑ An Introduction to the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1992, 54, 56
  12. ↑ The Chronography of 354 AD. Part 12: Commemorations of the Martyrs – The Tertullian Project. 2006. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  13. ↑ Roll, Susan K., Toward the Origins of Christmas, (Peeters Publishers, 1995), p.133.
  14. 1 2 3 McGowan, Andrew. "How December 25 Became Christmas, Biblical Archaeology Review, Retrieved 2009-12-13". Bib-arch.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-02-24.
  15. 1 2 Newton, Isaac, Observations on the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733). Ch. XI. A sun connection is possible because Christians consider Jesus to be the "sun of righteousness" prophesied in Malachi 4:2.
  16. 1 2 "Christmas", Encarta
    Roll, Susan K. (1995). Toward the Origins of Christmas. Peeters Publishers. p. 130.
    Tighe, William J., "Calculating Christmas". Archived 2009-10-31.
  17. ↑ West's Federal Supplement. West Publishing Company. 1990. While the Washington and King birthdays are exclusively secular holidays, Christmas has both secular and religious aspects.
  18. ↑ "Poll: In a changing nation, Santa endures", Associated Press, December 22, 2006. Retrieved 2009-11-18.
  19. ↑ Christenmas, n., Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved December 12.
  20. 1 2 "Christmas" in the Middle English Dictionary
  21. ↑ Griffiths, Emma, "Why get cross about Xmas?", BBC website, December 22, 2004. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  22. 1 2 3 Hutton, Ronald, The stations of the sun: a history of the ritual year, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  23. ↑ "Midwinter" in Bosworth & Toller
  24. ↑ Serjeantson, Mary Sidney, "natiuited"&dq="natiuited"&hl=en&ei=YpnnTrqnOsi-gAf6qtCGCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ A History of Foreign Words in English
  25. ↑ nativity, Online Etymology Dictionary
  26. ↑ yule, Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved December 12.
  27. ↑ noel Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved December 12.
  28. ↑ "Bruma", Seasonal Festivals of the Greeks and Romans
    Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 18:59
  29. ↑ Roll, pp. 88–90.
    Duchesne, Louis, Les Origines du Culte Chrétien, Paris, 1902, 262 ff.
  30. 1 2 The Liturgical Year. Thomas Nelson. 2009-11-03. ISBN 9780849901195. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-04-02.
  31. 1 2 "The Christmas Season". CRI / Voice, Institute. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-04-02.
  32. 1 2 The School Journal, Volume 49. Harvard University. 1894. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-04-02.
  33. ↑ Geza Vermes, The Nativity: History and Legend, London, Penguin, 2006, p22.; E. P. Sanders, The Historical Figure of Jesus, 1993, p.85.
  34. ↑ Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing The Hidden Contradictions In The Bible (And Why We Don't Know About Them), Harper Collins, 2009, Bart D. Ehrman, P. 19-60
  35. ↑ Larry W. Hurtado (2005-12-15). Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ISBN 9780802831675. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-12-02.
  36. ↑ JPH. "The Nativity Stories Harmonized". TEKTON. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-12-02.
  37. ↑ Richard Bruce. "Reconciling the Nativity Stories of Matthew and Luke". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-12-02.
  38. ↑ "Luke 2:1–6". Biblegateway.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-02-24.
  39. ↑ "Matthew 2:1–11". Biblegateway.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-02-24.
  40. ↑ Miles, Clement A, Christmas customs and traditions, Courier Dover Publications, 1976, ISBN 0-486-23354-5, p. 272.
  41. ↑ Heller, Ruth, Christmas: Its Carols, Customs & Legends, Alfred Publishing (1985), ISBN 0-7692-4399-1, p. 12.
  42. 1 2 Ace Collins (2010-04-01). Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas. Zondervan. ISBN 9780310873884. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-12-02.
  43. ↑ Collins, Ace, Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas, Zondervan, (2003), ISBN 0-310-24880-9 p.47.
  44. ↑ Collins p. 83.
  45. 1 2 Hal Siemer, Christmas Magic: The History and Traditions of the Holiday, QuestMagazine.com, 2004-12-02.
  46. 1 2 van Renterghem, Tony. When Santa was a shaman. St. Paul: Llewellyn Publications, 1995. ISBN 1-56718-765-X
  47. ↑ Fritz Allhoff, Scott C. Lowe (2010). Christmas. John Wiley & Sons.
  48. 1 2 Harper, Douglas, Christ, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001.
  49. ↑ "The Chronological History of the Christmas Tree". The Christmas Archives. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-12-18.
  50. ↑ "Christmas Tradition – The Christmas Tree Custom". Fashion Era. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-12-18.
  51. ↑ Lejeune, Marie Claire. Compendium of symbolic and ritual plants in Europe, p.550. University of Michigan ISBN 90-77135-04-9
  52. ↑ Shoemaker, Alfred Lewis. (1959) Christmas in Pennsylvania: a folk-cultural study. Edition 40. pp. 52, 53. Stackpole Books 1999. ISBN 0-8117-0328-2.
  53. ↑ "Liturgical Year : Symbolic Lights and Fires of Christmas (Activity)". Catholic Culture. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-12-10.
  54. ↑ Murray, Brian. "Christmas lights and community building in America, " History Matters, Spring 2006.
  55. ↑ Broomfield, Andrea (2007) Food and cooking in Victorian England: a history pp.149-150. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007
  56. ↑ Muir, Frank (1977) Christmas customs & traditions p.58. Taplinger Pub. Co., 1977
  57. 1 2 3 The Origin of the American Christmas Myth and Customs – Ball State University. Swartz Jr., BK. Archived version retrieved 2011-10-19.
  58. 1 2 Forbes, Bruce David, Christmas: a candid history, University of California Press, 2007, ISBN 0-520-25104-0, pp. 68–79.
  59. ↑ Jona Lendering (2008-11-20). "Saint Nicholas, Sinterklaas, Santa Claus". Livius.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-02-24.
  60. ↑ John Steele Gordon, The Great Game: The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power: 1653–2000 (Scribner) 1999.
  61. ↑ Forbes, Bruce David, Christmas: a candid history, pp. 80–81.
  62. ↑ Mikkelson, Barbara and David P., "The Claus That Refreshes", Snopes.com, 2006.
  63. ↑ "History of the Society". The Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-12-05.
  64. ↑ Jones, Charles W. "Knickerbocker Santa Claus". The New-York Historical Society Quarterly. XXXVIII (4).
  65. ↑ Charles W. Jones, Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan: Biography of a Legend (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1978).
  66. ↑ Hageman, Howard G. (1979). "Review of Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan: Biography of a Legend". Theology Today. 36 (3). Princeton: Princeton Theological Seminary. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-12-05.
  67. ↑ St. Basil (330-379)
  68. ↑ Matera, Mariane. "Santa: The First Great Lie", Citybeat, Issue 304
  69. ↑ "epiphany+is+older"&btnG= Geoffrey Wainwright, Karen Beth Westerfield Tucker (editors), The Oxford History of Christian Worship (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-513886-3), p. 65
  70. 1 2 "older+than+Christmas"&btnG= Christian Roy, Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO 2005 ISBN 978-1-57607-089-5) p. 146
  71. ↑ "been+between+400+and+432"&btnG= James Hastings, John A. Selbie (editors), Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics (reproduction by Kessinger Publishing Company 2003 ISBN 978-0-7661-3676-2), Part 6, pp. 603-604
  72. ↑ Hastings and Selbie, p. 605
  73. ↑ Murray, Alexander, http://www.historytoday.com/alexander-murray/medieval-christmas "Medieval Christmas"], History Today, December 1986, 36 (12), pp. 31 – 39.
  74. ↑ Les Standiford. The Man Who Invented Christmas: How Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol Rescued His Career and Revived Our Holiday Spirits, Crown, 2008. ISBN 978-0-307-40578-4
  75. ↑ Minzesheimer, Bob (December 22, 2008). "Dickens' classic 'Christmas Carol' still sings to us". USA Today. สืบค้นเมื่อ April 30, 2010.
  76. ↑ Durston, Chris, "Lords of Misrule: The Puritan War on Christmas 1642–60", History Today, December 1985, 35 (12) pp. 7 – 14. Archived at the Internet Archive
  77. ↑ "When Christmas Was Banned – The early colonies and Christmas". Apuritansmind.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-02-24.
  78. ↑ อิสยาห์ 1:14
  79. ↑ กาลาเทีย 4:9-11
  80. ↑ โคโลสี 2:16-17

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