↑ Turkish Statistical Institute, MS Excel document – Population of province/district centers and towns/villages and population growth rate by provinces
↑ "Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kanunu". Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (ภาษาตุรกี). 10 July 2004. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-11-30. Bu Kanunun yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte; büyükşehir belediye sınırları, İstanbul ve Kocaeli ilinde, il mülkî sınırıdır. (On the date this law goes in effect, the metropolitan city boundaries, in the provinces of İstanbul and Kocaeli, are those of the province.)
