↑ Dolamari, Mewan (2016). "'Turkmens marginalized in Mosul liberation'". Kurdistan24. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 12 September 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 September 2021. Turkmens in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region... represent the third largest ethnic group in Iraq (13 percent of the population).
↑ Sari, Esra (2020). "Irak'ta 5 milyon Türkmen yaşıyor". Ticari Hayat. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 September 2021. Irak’ta yaklaşık 5 milyon Türkmen yaşamaktadır.
1 2 Jawhar, Raber Tal'at (2010), "The Iraqi Turkmen Front", ใน Catusse, Myriam; Karam, Karam (บ.ก.), Returning to Political Parties?, The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, pp. 313–328, ISBN978-1-886604-75-9, In short, Iraqi Turkmen are a unique ethnic group; they are predominantly Muslim and divided into two main sects: Shiites (40%) Sunnites (60%), and have strong cultural ties with Turkey
↑ Demirci, Fazil (1991), The Iraqi Turks Yesterday and Today, Turkish Historical Society Printing Press, ISBN9759544326
↑ Cuthell, David (2007), "Turkey Eyes Iraq", Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Georgetown University Press, 8 (2): 66
↑ Kirkuk, GlobalSecurity.org, Ankara had strongly opposed Iraqi Kurdish aspirations to take control of Kirkuk, arguing it belongs as much to the Iraqi Turkish minority.
1 2 Triana, María (2017), Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective, Taylor & Francis, p. 168, ISBN978-1-317-42368-3, Turkmen, Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin, are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq's 34.7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
↑ Bassem, Wassim (2016). "Iraq's Turkmens call for independent province". Al-Monitor. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 12 September 2021. Iraqi Turkmens, who are citizens of Iraq with Turkish origins, have been calling for their own independent province in the Tal Afar district west of Mosul, located in the center of the Ninevah province...Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
↑ Taylor, Scott (2004), Among the Others: Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq, Esprit de Corps, p. 31, ISBN1-895896-26-6, The largest number of Turkmen immigrants followed the army of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent when he conquered all of Iraq in 1535. Throughout their reign, the Ottomans encouraged the settlement of immigrant Turkmen along the loosely formed boundary that divided Arab and Kurdish settlements in northern Iraq.
↑ Jawhar, Raber Tal'at (2010), "The Iraqi Turkmen Front", ใน Catusse, Myriam; Karam, Karam (บ.ก.), Returning to Political Parties?, The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, pp. 313–328, ISBN978-1-886604-75-9, There’s a strong conflict of opinions regarding the origins of Iraqi Turkmen, however, it is certain that they settled down during the Ottoman rule in the northwest of Mosul, whence they spread to eastern Baghdad. Once there, they became high ranked officers, experts, traders, and executives in residential agglomerations lined up along the vast, fertile plains, and mingled with Kurds, Assyrians, Arabs, and other confessions. With the creation of the new Iraqi state in 1921, Iraqi Turkmen managed to maintain their socioeconomic status.
↑ International Crisis Group (2008), Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?, Middle East Report N°81 –13 November 2008: International Crisis Group, คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 12 January 2011, Turkomans are descendents of Ottoman Empire-era soldiers, traders and civil servants... The 1957 census, Iraq’s last reliable count before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958, put the country’s population at 6,300,000 and the Turkoman population at 567,000, about 9 per cent...Subsequent censuses, in 1967, 1977, 1987 and 1997, are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation.CS1 maint: location (link)
↑ The New York Times (2015). "Who Are the Turkmens of Syria?". The New York Times. เก็บ จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 14 January 2017. สืบค้นเมื่อ 3 March 2017. In the context of Syria, though, the term ["Turkmen"] is used somewhat differently, to refer mainly to people of Turkish heritage whose families migrated to Syria from Anatolia during the centuries of the Ottoman period — and thus would be closer kin to the Turks of Turkey than to the Turkmens of Central Asia...Q. How many are there? A. No reliable figures are available, and estimates on the number of Turkmens in Syria and nearby countries vary widely, from the hundreds of thousands up to 3 million or more.
↑ Peyrouse, Sebastien (2015), Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development, Routledge, p. 62, ISBN978-0-230-11552-1
↑ Sadik, Giray (2009), American Image in Turkey: U.S. Foreign Policy Dimensions, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 13, ISBN978-0-7391-3380-4, the Turkmen are Iraq's third-largest ethnic group after the Arabs and Kurds
↑ Barker, Geoff (2012), Iraq, Britannica, p. 23, ISBN978-1-61535-637-9, The Turkish-speaking Turkmen are the third-largest ethnic group in Iraq after the Arabs and the Kurds.
