↑ Statics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (December 2016). "国籍・地域別 在留資格（在留目的）別 在留外国人" [Foreigners by nationality and by visas (occupation)]. p. . Missing or empty |url= (help)
↑ Hester, Jeffry T. (2008). "Datsu Zainichi-ron: An emerging discourse on belonging among Ethnic Koreans in Japan". ใน Nelson H. H.; Ertl, John; Tierney, R. Kenji (บ.ก.). Multiculturalism in the new Japan: crossing the boundaries within. Berghahn Books. p. 144-145. ISBN978-1-84545-226-1
