เชิงอรรถและอ้างอิง ของ ยีนเทียม

  1. ↑ Max, EE (1986). errors-molecular-genetics "Plagiarized Errors and Molecular Genetics" Check |url= value (help). Creation Evolution. 6 i (3): 34–46.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  2. ↑ Chandrasekaran, C; Betran, E (2001). "Origins of new genes and pseudogenes". Nature Education. 1 (1): 181.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  3. ↑ Vanin, EF (1985). "Processed pseudogenes: characteristics and evolution". Annual Review of Genetics. 19: 253–72. doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.19.120185.001345. PMID 3909943.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  4. ↑ Smith, AD, ed. (2000). Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Revised ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 544. ISBN 0-19-850673-2. pseudogene a sequence in DNA that is related to a functional gene but cannot be transcribed. This may be due to mutational changes that preclude it from being expressed in the form of functional products or the lack of some flanking control region in the promoter. Pseudogenes may or may not contain the introns of the functional gene. Examples include pseudogenes for α, β, and £ globulins in several species, V K chains of immunoglobulins, actin, and tubulin. Processed pseudogenes, or LINES (see LINE), occur in a genome somewhere other than the normal position of the corresponding functional gene and so cannot be expressed because of alterations in regulatory DNA sequences, or coding sequences, or both.
  5. ↑ Chang, Y; Stuart, A; al., et (2012). "Antigen presenting genes and genomic copy number variations in the Tasmanian devil MHC". BMC Genomics. 13 (87). doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-87.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  6. ↑ Xiao-Jie, L; Ai-Mei, G; Li-Juan, J; Jiang, X (2015-01). "Pseudogene in cancer: real functions and promising signature journal= Journal of Medical Genetics volume= 52" (1): 17–24. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102785. PMID 25391452. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Missing pipe (link) CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
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