อ้างอิง ของ ยุคมืด

  1. 1 2 "Dark ages". The Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved December 5, 2008. "Dark Ages: a term sometimes applied to the period of the Middle Ages to mark the intellectual darkness characteristic of the time; often restricted to the early period of the Middle Ages, between the time of the fall of Rome and the appearance of vernacular written documents."
  2. ↑ [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Dark%20Ages all of Rome in the 5th century and the "Renaissance" or "rebirth" of classical values.
  3. 1 2 Franklin, James (1982), "The Renaissance Myth", Quadrant, 26 (11): 51–60
  4. ↑ William Chester Jordon. Dictionary of the Middle Ages, Supplement 1, 2004. Kathleen Verdun, "Medievalism" pp. 389–397. Sections 'Victorian Medievalism', 'Nineteenth-Century Europe', 'Medievalism in America 1500–1900', 'The 20th Century'. Same volume, Paul Freedman, "Medieval Studies", pp. 383–389.
  5. ↑ Mommsen, Theodore E. (1942). "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'". Speculum. Cambridge MA: Medieval Academy of America. 17 (2): 226–242.
  6. ↑ Tainter, Joseph A. (1999). "Post Collapse Societies". Companion Encyclopedia of Archaeology. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 988. ISBN 0415064481. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)