อ้างอิง ของ เบาหวานชนิดที่_2

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Diabetes Fact sheet N°312". World Health Organization. August 2011. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 26 August 2013. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-01-09. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ "Diabetes Blue Circle Symbol". International Diabetes Federation. 17 March 2006. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 5 August 2007. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. June 2014. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 6 March 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 February 2016. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  4. 1 2 Pasquel, FJ; Umpierrez, GE (November 2014). "Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: a historic review of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment". Diabetes Care. 37 (11): 3124–31. doi:10.2337/dc14-0984. PMC 4207202. PMID 25342831.
  5. 1 2 Fasanmade, OA; Odeniyi, IA; Ogbera, AO (June 2008). "Diabetic ketoacidosis: diagnosis and management". African journal of medicine and medical sciences. 37 (2): 99–105. PMID 18939392.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Causes of Diabetes". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. June 2014. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 2 February 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 February 2016. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  7. 1 2 Maruthur, NM; Tseng, E; Hutfless, S; Wilson, LM; Suarez-Cuervo, C; Berger, Z; Chu, Y; Iyoha, E; Segal, JB; Bolen, S (19 April 2016). "Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 164: 740–51. doi:10.7326/M15-2650. PMID 27088241. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (help)
  8. 1 2 Cetinkunar, S; Erdem, H; Aktimur, R; Sozen, S (16 June 2015). "Effect of bariatric surgery on humoral control of metabolic derangements in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: How it works". World journal of clinical cases. 3 (6): 504–9. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i6.504. PMC 4468896. PMID 26090370.
  9. 1 2 Krentz AJ, Bailey CJ (February 2005). "Oral antidiabetic agents: current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 65 (3): 385–411. doi:10.2165/00003495-200565030-00005. PMID 15669880. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (help)
  10. 1 2 Melmed, Shlomo; Polonsky, Kenneth S.; Larsen, P. Reed; Kronenberg, Henry M. (บ.ก.). Williams textbook of endocrinology (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 1371–1435. ISBN 978-1-4377-0324-5.
  11. 1 2 GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  12. ↑ MacKay, Ian; Rose, Noel, บ.ก. (2014). The Autoimmune Diseases. Academic Press. p. 575. ISBN 978-0-123-84929-8. OCLC 965646175.
  13. ↑ Gardner, David G.; Shoback, Dolores, บ.ก. (2011). "Chapter 17: Pancreatic hormones & diabetes mellitus". Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 0-07-162243-8. OCLC 613429053.
  14. ↑ Saenz A, Fernandez-Esteban I, Mataix A, Ausejo M, Roque M, Moher D (20 July 2005). "Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (3): CD002966. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002966.pub3. PMID 16034881. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ Malanda UL, Welschen LM, Riphagen II, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Bot SD (18 January 2012). "Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 1: CD005060. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005060.pub3. PMID 22258959. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ Ganguly, S; Tan, HC; Lee, PC; Tham, KW (April 2015). "Metabolic bariatric surgery and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an endocrinologist's perspective". Journal of biomedical research. 29 (2): 105–11. doi:10.7555/JBR.29.20140127. PMC 4389109. PMID 25859264.
  17. ↑ Moscou, Susan (2013). "Getting the word out: advocacy, social marketing, and policy development and enforcement". ใน Truglio-Londrigan, Marie; Lewenson, Sandra B. (บ.ก.). Public health nursing: practicing population-based care (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 317. ISBN 978-1-4496-4660-8. OCLC 758391750.
  18. ↑ Smyth, S; Heron, A (January 2006). "Diabetes and obesity: the twin epidemics". Nature Medicine. 12 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1038/nm0106-75. PMID 16397575. Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ Tfayli, H; Arslanian, S (March 2009). "Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth: the evolving chameleon". Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia. 53 (2): 165–74. doi:10.1590/s0004-27302009000200008. PMC 2846552. PMID 19466209.
  20. ↑ Imperatore, Giuseppina; Boyle, James P.; Thompson, Theodore J.; Case, Doug; Dabelea, Dana; Hamman, Richard F.; Lawrence, Jean M.; Liese, Angela D.; Liu, Lenna L. (December 2012). "Projections of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Burden in the U.S. Population Aged <20 Years Through 2050". Diabetes Care (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 35 (12): 2515–2520. doi:10.2337/dc12-0669. ISSN 0149-5992. PMC 3507562. PMID 23173134. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 2016-08-14. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
ตับอ่อน/
เมแทบอลิซึมของ
คาร์โบไฮเดรต
การทำหน้าที่น้อย
Hyperfunction
Hypothalamic/
pituitary axes
aldosterone: Hypoaldosteronism (21α CAH, 11β CAH)

cortisol: CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α)

sex hormones: 17α CAH
Height
Multiple
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