อ้างอิง ของ แนวต้นไม้

  1. ↑ Elliott-Fisk, D.L. (2000). "The Taiga and Boreal Forest". ใน Barbour, M.G.; Billings, M.D. (บ.ก.). North American Terrestrial Vegetation (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55986-7.
  2. 1 2 Jørgensen, S.E. (2009). Ecosystem Ecology. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-444-53466-8.
  3. ↑ Körner, C.; Riedl, S. (2012). Alpine Treelines: Functional Ecology of the Global High Elevation Tree Limits. Springer. ISBN 9783034803960.
  4. 1 2 Zwinger, A.; Willard, B.E. (1996). Land Above the Trees: A Guide to American Alpine Tundra. Big Earth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55566-171-7.
  5. ↑ Körner, C (2003). Alpine plant life: functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-00347-2.
  6. ↑ "Alpine Tundra Ecosystem". Rocky Mountain National Park. National Park Service. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-05-13.
  7. ↑ Peet, R.K. (2000). "Forests and Meadows of the Rocky Mountains". ใน Barbour, M.G.; Billings, M.D. (บ.ก.). North American Terrestrial Vegetation (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55986-7.
  8. 1 2 Arno, S.F. (1984). Timberline: Mountain and Arctic Forest Frontiers. Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers. ISBN 978-0-89886-085-6.
  9. ↑ Baker, F.S. (1944). "Mountain climates of the western United States". Ecological Monographs. 14 (2): 223–254. doi:10.2307/1943534. JSTOR 1943534.
  10. ↑ Geiger, R. (1950). The Climate near the Ground. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  11. ↑ Tranquillini, W. (1979). Physiological Ecology of the Alpine Timberline: tree existence at high altitudes with special reference to the European Alps. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3642671074.
  12. ↑ Coates, K.D.; Haeussler, S.; Lindeburgh, S; Pojar, R.; Stock, A.J. (1994). Ecology and silviculture of interior spruce in British Columbia. OCLC 66824523.
  13. ↑ Viereck, L.A. (1979). "Characteristics of treeline plant communities in Alaska". Holarctic Ecology. 2 (4): 228–238. JSTOR 3682417.
  14. ↑ Viereck, L.A.; Van Cleve, K.; Dyrness, C. T. (1986). "Forest ecosystem distribution in the taiga environment". ใน Van Cleve, K.; Chapin, F.S.; Flanagan, P.W.; Viereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T. (บ.ก.). Forest Ecosystems in the Alaskan Taiga. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. pp. 22–43. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4902-3_3. ISBN 978-1461249023.
  15. ↑ Bradley, Raymond S. (1999). Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary. 68. Academic Press. p. 344. ISBN 978-0123869951.
  16. ↑ Körner, Ch (1998). "A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation" (PDF). Oecologia. 115 (4): 445–459. Bibcode:1998Oecol.115..445K. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.454.8501. doi:10.1007/s004420050540. PMID 28308263. S2CID 8647814.
  17. ↑ "Action For Scotland's Biodiversity" (PDF).
  18. ↑ "台灣地帶性植被之區劃與植物區系之分區" (PDF). คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม (PDF) เมื่อ 2014-11-29.
  19. ↑ "Mount Kinabalu National Park". www.ecologyasia.com. Ecology Asia. 4 September 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 6 September 2016.