↑ Morris, Peter Robin (1990). A History of the World Semiconductor Industry. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-86341-227-1.
↑ Lander, Cyril W. (1993). "2. Rectifying Circuits". Power electronics (3rd ed. ed.). London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780077077143.
↑ Williams, B. W. (1992). "Chapter 11". Power electronics : devices, drivers and applications (2nd ed.). Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN 9780333573518.
↑ Hendrik Rissik (1941). Mercury-arc current convertors: an introduction to the theory and practice of vapour-arc discharge devices and to the study of rectification phenomena. Sir I. Pitman & sons, ltd. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
↑ Mansell, A.D.; Shen, J. (1 January 1994). "Pulse converters in traction applications". Power Engineering Journal 8 (4): 183. doi:10.1049/pe:19940407.
↑ US patent 1671970, Glenn W. Carpenter, "Liquid Rectifier", issued 1928-06-05
↑ American Technical Society (1920). Cyclopedia of applied electricity 2. American technical society. p. 487. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
↑ Pictures of a mercury-arc rectifier in operation can be seen here: Belsize Park deep shelter rectifier 1, Belsize Park deep shelter rectifier 2
↑ Sood, Vijay K. HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications Of Static Converters In Power Systems. Springer-Verlag. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4020-7890-3. "The first 25 years of HVDC transmission were sustained by converters having mercury arc valves till the mid-1970s. The next 25 years till the year 2000 were sustained by line-commutated converters using thyristor valves. It is predicted that the next 25 years will be dominated by force-commutated converters [4]. Initially, this new force-commutated era has commenced with Capacitor Commutated Converters (CCC) eventually to be replaced by self-commutated converters due to the economic availability of high-power switching devices with their superior characteristics."
↑ H. P. Westman et al., (ed), Reference Data for Radio Engineers, Fifth Edition, 1968, Howard W. Sams and Co., no ISBN, Library of Congress Card No. 43-14665 chapter 13
↑ Arrillaga, Jos; Liu, Yonghe H; Watson, Neville R; Murray, Nicholas J. Self-Commutating Converters for High Power Applications. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-68212-8.
↑ Idaho National Laboratory (2007). "Harvesting the sun's energy with antennas". Retrieved 2008-10-03.
