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↑ Hunter, R., Williams, J.A. and Herrtage, S.J.H. (1897). The American Encyclopaedic Dictionary. R.S. Peale and J.A. Hill.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Ellis, R. (1996). Deep Atlantic: Life, Death, and Exploration in the Abyss. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN0-679-43324-4.
↑ Sutton, T.T. (November 2005). "Trophic ecology of the deep-sea fish Malacosteus niger (Pisces: Stomiidae): An enigmatic feeding ecology to facilitate a unique visual system?". Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 52 (11): 2065–2076. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2005.06.011.
