อ้างอิง ของ รักร่วมเพศในประเทศญี่ปุ่น

  1. 1 2 Furukawa, Makoto. The Changing Nature of Sexuality: The Three Codes Framing Homosexuality in Modern Japan. pp. 99, 100, 108, 112.
  2. ↑ Chisaki Watanabe (2015-11-29). "Majority of Japanese Support Same-Sex Marriage, Poll Shows - Bloomberg Business". Bloomberg.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-12-27.
  3. ↑ "Survey: 78% of Japanese in 20s to 50s favor legal gay marriages". The Asahi Shimbun. 28 January 2019.
  4. ↑ "38% of LGBT people in Japan sexually harassed or assaulted: survey". Kyodo News. 2020-12-27.
  5. 1 2 3 Crompton, Louis (2003). "Pre-Meiji Japan". Homosexuality and Civilization. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 413. ISBN 9780674022331. LCCN 2003245327. Japanese Shintoism was principally concerned with propitiatory rites and ceremonies; its mythology fostered nationalism through the cult of divine emperors, but it had no special code of morals and seems to have regarded sex as a natural phenomenon to be enjoyed with few inhibitions. Phallic shrines dotted the countryside. Premarital virginity was not rigidly insisted upon, and freeborn boys did not lose status if they had adult lovers. Early law codes penalized incest and bestiality but not homosexual relations. The gods of the Shinto pantheon were themselves highly sexual. In later times, some of them were seen as "guardian deities" of male love.
  6. ↑ Flanagan, Damian (2016-11-19). "The shifting sexual norms in Japan's literary history". The Japan Times (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-11-12.
  7. ↑ The Tale of Genji. Edward G. Seidensticker (trans.) p. 48.
  8. ↑ Leupp, Gary (1997). Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91919-8. pg. 26, 32, 53, 69-78, 88, 90- 92, 94, 95-97, 98-100, 101-102, 104, 113, 119-120, 122, 128-129, 132-135, 137-141, 145..
  9. ↑ Pflugfelder, M. Gregory. 1999. "Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600- 1950": 256.
  10. ↑ Tamagawa, Masami (2019). Japanese LGBT Diasporas: Gender, Immigration Policy and Diverse Experiences. Springer Nature. p. 24. ISBN 978-3030310301. The country's anti-homosexuality laws were gradually repealed between 1975 and 1997 (Carbery 2010). ... Japan never had a sodomy law, except the so-called Keikanh o (1872–1880), which exclusively prohibited anal intercourse.
  11. ↑ Peakman, Julie (2015). "4 Continuities and change in sexual behavioour and attitudes since 1750". ใน McNeill, J. R.; Pomeranz, Kenneth (บ.ก.). The Cambridge World History: Volume 7, Production, Destruction and Connection 1750–Present, Part 2, Shared Transformations?. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1316297841. Prohibition of homosexuality has continued into the twentyfirst century in some places with criminal penalties, ... Homosexuality has never been illegal in Japan except for a short time from 1872– 1880, and although civil rights are not ...
  12. 1 2 3 4 Tamagawa, Masami (2016-03-14). "Same-Sex Marriage in Japan". Journal of GLBT Family Studies. 12 (2): 160–187. doi:10.1080/1550428X.2015.1016252. ISSN 1550-428X. S2CID 146655189.
  13. ↑ Hongo, Jun (2015-03-31). "Tokyo's Shibuya Ward Passes Same-Sex Partner Bill". WSJ (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-03-26.
  14. ↑ "Japan Court Finds Same-Sex Marriage Ban Unconstitutional". BBC News. March 17, 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ April 2, 2021.
  15. ↑ The Associated Press (20 June 2022). "Japan court says ban on same-sex marriage is constitutional". NPR (ภาษาอังกฤษ). สืบค้นเมื่อ 25 June 2022.

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