อ้างอิง ของ รัฐอิสลามอิรักและลิแวนต์

  1. ↑ Gander, Kashmira (7 July 2015). "Isis flag: What do the words mean and what are its origins?". The Independent.
  2. ↑ Zelin, Aaron Y. (29 January 2019). "New video message from The Islamic State: "Fulfilling the Promise – Wilāyat al-'Irāq, Kirkūk"".
  3. ↑ "Statement of ISIS – The Battle of Brussels". Investigativeproject.org (in อาหรับ).
  4. ↑ "ISIS ID CARD". gdb.rferl.org.
  5. ↑ Pool, Jeffrey (16 December 2004). "Zarqawi's Pledge of Allegiance to Al-Qaeda: From Mu'Asker Al-Battar, Issue 21". Terrorism Monitor. Vol. 2 no. 24. Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ "Al-Qaeda disavows ISIS militants in Syria". BBC News. 3 February 2014.
  7. ↑ Holmes, Oliver (3 February 2014). "Al Qaeda breaks link with Syrian militant group ISIL". Reuters.
  8. ↑ Laskar, Rezaul H. (29 January 2015). "IS announces expansion into AfPak, parts of India". Hindustan Times.
  9. ↑ Elbagir, Nima; Cruickshank, Paul; Tawfeeq, Mohammed (7 March 2015). "Boko Haram purportedly pledges allegiance to ISIS". CNN.
  10. ↑ Gambhir, Harleen (23 June 2015). "ISIS Declares Governorate in Russia's North Caucasus Region". Institute for the Study of War.
  11. ↑ "Islamic State". Australian National Security. Australian Government. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 July 2014.
  12. ↑ "The Islamic State". Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. 23 January 2015.
  13. 1 2 Saltman, Erin Marie; Winter, Charlie (November 2014). Islamic State: The Changing Face of Modern Jihadism (รายงาน). Quilliam. ISBN 978-1-906603-98-4. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150226115714/http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/islamic-state-the-changing-face-of-modern-jihadism.pdf. 
  14. 1 2 Crooke, Alastair (5 September 2014). "You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia". HuffPost.
  15. ↑ Arnstrong, Karen (27 November 2014). "Wahhabism to ISIS: How Saudi Arabia exported the main source of global terrorism". New Statesman. สืบค้นเมื่อ 6 October 2019.
  16. ↑ "Islamic State confirms Baghdadi is dead, appoints successor". Reuters. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-10-31.
  17. ↑ Rubin, Alissa J. (5 July 2014). "Militant Leader in Rare Appearance in Iraq". The New York Times.
  18. 1 2 Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (24 January 2016). "An Account of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi & Islamic State Succession Lines". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi's Blog.
  19. ↑ "Abd al-Rahman Mustafa al-Qaduli". Rewards for Justice. United States Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ Schmidt, Michael (25 March 2016). "A Top ISIS Leader Is Killed in an Airstrike, the Pentagon Says". The New York Times.
  21. ↑ Laghmari, Jihen; Alexander, Caroline; Follain, John (16 March 2016). "Islamic State Spreads in North Africa in Attacks Ignored by West". Bloomberg News.
  22. ↑ "ISIS Leadership". Frontline. PBS. 2015. สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 August 2015.
  23. ↑ Chulov, Martin (31 August 2016). "Abu Muhammad al-Adnani's death does not signal the demise of Isis". The Guardian. สืบค้นเมื่อ 31 August 2016.
  24. 1 2 Lister, Charles (2014). "Islamic State Senior Leadership: Who's Who" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  25. ↑ "Here's What We Know About the 'Caliph' of the New Islamic State". Business Insider. AFP. 29 June 2014.
  26. ↑ "ISIS Spokesman Declares Caliphate, Rebrands Group as Islamic State". Jihadist News. SITE Intelligence Group. 29 June 2014.
  27. ↑ "Pentagon Confirms U.S. Strike in Syria Killed ISIL Leader". DoD News. United States Department of Defense. 12 September 2016.
  28. ↑ Garland, Chad (14 July 2016). "Islamic State says top commander is dead; Pentagon unsure". Stars and Stripes.
  29. ↑ Worley, Will (13 July 2016). "Isis confirms death of hugely popular 'minister of war' Omar al-Shishani". The Independent.
  30. ↑ Starr, Barbara (15 March 2016). "U.S. assesses ISIS operative Omar al-Shishani is dead". CNN.
  31. ↑ "Tarkhan Tayumurazovich Batirashvili". Rewards for Justice. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015.
  32. ↑ "Isis: US-trained Tajik special forces chief Gulmurod Khalimov becomes Isis 'war minister'". International Business Times. 6 September 2016.
  33. ↑ "Isis's propaganda chief, Dr. Wa'il, killed in airstrike, Pentagon confirms". The Guardian. Reuters. 16 September 2016.
  34. ↑ "Islamic State group names its new leader as Abu Ibrahim al-Hashemi". BBC News. 31 October 2019. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 November 2019.
  35. ↑ "ISIS 'essentially moved' its Syria HQ from Raqqa to Deir ez-Zor province". RT. 23 April 2017.
  36. ↑ "Syrian army captures Mayadin from ISIS near Deir ez-Zor". Rudaw. 14 October 2017.
  37. ↑ Benhaida, Sarah; al-Rubaye, Ahmad (26 October 2017). "Iraq forces launch 'last big fight' against IS". Rudaw.
  38. ↑ "Anti-IS forces converge on Syria border town". Agence France-Presse. 4 November 2017 – โดยทาง Yahoo News.
  39. ↑ "Syrian army & allies capture last major ISIS held town in Syria". RT. Russia: TV-Novosti. 4 November 2017.
  40. ↑ Bussoletti, Francesco (29 June 2018). "Syria, the Isis pockets of resistance at Deir Ezzor are reduced to two". Difesa & Sicurezza.
  41. ↑ Aboufadel, Leith (13 December 2018). "Breaking: SDF captures Daesh's de facto capital in Syria".
  42. ↑ "US-backed fighters seize east Syria village from ISIS". The National.
  43. ↑ Aboufadel, Leith (24 January 2019). "ISIL's reign over eastern Euphrates nearing its end – map". Al-Masdar News.
  44. ↑ Callimachi, Rukmini (24 January 2019). "Down to Its Last 2 Villages in Syria, ISIS Still Fights Back". The New York Times.
  45. ↑ Aboufadel, Leith (7 February 2019). "ISIS squeezed into last areas as SDF troops capture 2 villages east of the Euphrates (MAP)". Al-Masdar News.
  46. ↑ Hussein, Rikar (9 February 2019). "US-backed Fighters Launch Final Push to Defeat IS in Syria". Voice of America.
  47. 1 2 "US-allied Syrian force declares victory over Islamic State". The Washington Post. 23 March 2019.
  48. ↑ Cockburn, Patrick (16 November 2014). "War with Isis: Islamic militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader". The Independent.
  49. 1 2 Gartenstein-Ross-ROSS, Daveed (9 February 2015). "How many Fighters Does the Islamic State Really Have?". War on the Rocks.
  50. ↑ "Saddam's former army is secret of Baghdadi's success". Reuters. 16 June 2015. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 July 2015.
  51. ↑ "Operation Inherent Resolve and other overseas contingency operations" (PDF). US Department of Defense. 31 December 2018.
  52. ↑ "Briefing With Special Representative for Syria Engagement and Special Envoy for the Global Coalition To Defeat ISIS Ambassador James Jeffrey". state.gov. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 May 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  53. ↑ Shinkman, Paul D. (27 December 2017). "ISIS By the Numbers in 2017". U.S. News & World Report.
  54. ↑ Jones, Seth G.; Dobbins, James; Byman, Daniel; และคณะ (2017). "Rolling Back the Islamic State". RAND Corporation. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 April 2019.
  55. ↑ Zelin, Aaron Y. (June 2014). "The War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist Movement". Research Notes (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy) 20. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf. 
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 "México aparece entre los países amenazados por el ISIS" [Mexico appears among the countries threatened by ISIS]. El País (in สเปน). Madrid: Prisa. 25 November 2015.
  57. ↑ Farmer, Ben; Mehsud, Saleem (15 July 2018). "ISIS targets Taliban in fight for Afghanistan". Thenational.ae.
  58. ↑ Khettab, Djamila Ould (30 December 2015). "Algeria a 'symbolic target' for ISIL". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera Media Network.
  59. ↑ "OKRA Home". Global Operations. Department of Defense – Government of Australia. สืบค้นเมื่อ 25 October 2017.
  60. ↑ Porter, Tom (13 September 2014). "Isis Use Picture of \'Cyclops Baby\' to Recruit Fighters for Apocalyptic Battle". International Business Times.
  61. ↑ Stonington, Joel (9 September 2014). "Is This Cyclops Baby the Muslim Antichrist?". Vocativ.
  62. ↑ Romero, Simon; Schmidt, Michael (1 August 2016). "As ISIS Posts in Portuguese, U.S. and Brazil Bolster Olympics Security". The New York Times.
  63. ↑ "Operation IMPACT". National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. สืบค้นเมื่อ 6 March 2018.
  64. ↑ Osbourne, Samuel (1 March 2017). "Isis threatens China and vows to 'shed blood like rivers'". The Independent.
  65. ↑ "Fiji Joins US-Led Coalition Against Daesh – Spokesperson". Sputnik. 12 September 2018.
  66. ↑ "Germany to strip dual-nationals who fight for Isis of citizenship". Financial Times.[ต้องการอ้างอิงเต็มรูปแบบ]
  67. ↑ Kalmouki, Nikoleta (25 September 2014). "Greece Brings War Against the Islamic State".
  68. ↑ "L'Italia pronta a bombardare Isis in Iraq. La Difesa: ipotesi da valutare". Corriere della Sera. 6 October 2015.
  69. ↑ Kumenov, Almaz (14 May 2019). "Kazakhstan evacuates citizens from Syria, arrests some". Eurasianet.
  70. ↑ "Pro-Isis hackers attack North Korean airline Facebook page". The Guardian. AFP. 14 January 2015.
  71. ↑ Paraszczuk, Joanna (15 March 2015). "Kyrgyzstan Bans IS, Designates It As Terror Group". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  72. ↑ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (20 July 2018). "Malaysia launches crackdown on Isis after threats to kill the king and prime minister". The Guardian.
  73. ↑ Ucko, David H. (28 December 2017). "Trouble in Paradise: Mauritus Tries to Ward off Islamic Radicalization". World Politics Review.
  74. ↑ "Islamic State group: Nicaragua arrests four suspected members". BBC News. 26 June 2019.
  75. ↑ Johnson, Bridget (30 December 2018). "Barcelona Terror Alert Coincides with New Spanish-Language ISIS Threats". Homeland Security Today.
  76. ↑ "Sri Lanka bombings: Isis claims responsibility for deadly church and hotel attacks on Easter Sunday". The Independent. 23 April 2019.
  77. ↑ Callimachi, Rukmini; Kramer, Andrew E. (31 July 2018). "Video Purports to Show Tajikistan Attackers Pledging Allegiance to ISIS". The New York Times.
  78. ↑ McAdams, John (7 August 2017). "The President of Turkmenistans Anti-ISIS Propaganda Video is Straight out of an '80s Action Movie". Wide Open Spaces.
  79. ↑ "Uzbekistan to receive and rehabilitate 148 women and children from ISIS". AlShahidWitness.com. 3 June 2019.
  80. ↑ Juan Guaidó [jguaido] (4 September 2019). "Desde la @AsambleaVE hemos declarado a la disidencia de las FARC, ELN, Hamas, Hezbollah e ISIS como grupos terroristas, ordenándoles a todos los cuerpos de seguridad del Estado proteger nuestra soberanía e integridad territorial frente a la amenaza que representan estos grupos" (ทวีต) – โดยทาง ทวิตเตอร์.
  81. ↑ "Badr Organization Destroys ISIS Car Bomb". Military.com. 5 June 2015.
  82. ↑ Illingworth, Andrew (22 December 2017). "Combat footage: Iraqi forces battle ISIS in east Syria". Al Masdar News.
  83. ↑ Musa, Rami (10 June 2015). "Al-Qaida-linked militants attack IS affiliate in Libya". Military Times.
  84. ↑ Farmer, Ben (24 January 2019). "Taliban agree Isil and Al-Qaeda will be barred from Afghanistan in major concession during talks with US". Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited.
  85. ↑ Tharoor, Ishaan (18 June 2014). "ISIS or ISIL? The debate over what to call Iraq's terror group". The Washington Post. สืบค้นเมื่อ 21 June 2014.
  86. ↑ Withnall, Adam (29 June 2014). "Iraq crisis: Isis changes name and declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle East". The Independent. London. สืบค้นเมื่อ 29 June 2014.
  87. ↑ "ISIS announces formation of Caliphate, rebrands as 'Islamic State'".
  88. ↑ "Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi: The man who would be caliph". The Week. 13 September 2014. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 December 2014.
  89. ↑ Holmes, Oliver (3 February 2014). "Al Qaeda breaks link with Syrian militant group ISIL". Reuters. สืบค้นเมื่อ 6 July 2014.
  90. ↑ Sly, Liz (23 July 2013). "Islamic law comes to rebel-held Syria". The Washington Post.
  91. ↑ Sly, Liz (3 February 2014). "Al-Qaeda disavows any ties with radical Islamist ISIS group in Syria, Iraq". The Washington Post. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 February 2014.
  92. ↑ "Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)". Encyclopædia Britannica. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2015. (Subscription required (help)).
  93. ↑ "Once promised paradise, ISIS fighters end up in mass graves". The Straits Times. 15 October 2017. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 December 2017.
  94. ↑ "42 months of Russian operations on the Syrian territory kill more than 8000 civilians including more than 18150 people in their raids and shelling". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. March 30, 2019.
  95. ↑ "US created Daesh, allowed regional states to fund terror group: Nasrallah". Press TV. 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  96. ↑ "Islamic State completely 'evicted' from Iraq, Iraqi PM says". The Age. 10 December 2017.
  97. ↑ "Al-Baghdadi Killed in Idlib, a Hotbed of Terror Groups, Foreign Fighters". VOA News. 27 October 2019.
  98. ↑ "US targeted ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi: US officials". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera Media Network. 27 October 2019. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 October 2019.
  99. ↑ Browne, Ryan; Mattingly, Phil (27 October 2019). Zeleny, Jeff; Liptak, Kevin; Diamond, Jeremy, eds. "ISIS leader al-Baghdadi believed to have been killed in a US military raid, sources say". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 October 2019.
  100. ↑ Lubold, Gordon; Abdulrahim, Raja (27 October 2019). "Islamic State Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Dead, Trump Says". Wall Street Journal. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 October 2019.
  101. ↑ "Isis leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi killed in US raid, says Donald Trump - latest updates". The Guardian. 27 October 2019. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 October 2019.
  102. ↑ Chulov, Martin (2019-10-31). "Islamic State names new leader after death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi". The Guardian (in อังกฤษ). ISSN 0261-3077. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-10-31.

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