แบ่งออกเป็น 3 วงศ์ย่อย และสกุลต่าง ๆ ได้ดังนี้[2]

• Aplocheilichthyinae Myers, 1928
  • Aplocheilichthys Bleeker, 1863
  • Hylopanchax Poll and Lambert, 1965
  • Laciris Huber, 1982
  • Lacustricola Myers, 1924
  • Poropanchax Clausen, 1967
• Poeciliinae Garman, 1895
  • Alfaro Meek, 1912
  • Belonesox Kner, 1860
  • Brachyrhaphis Regan, 1913
  • Carlhubbsia Whitley, 1951
  • Cnesterodon Garman, 1895
  • Gambusia Poey, 1854
  • Girardinus Poey, 1854
  • Heterandria Agassiz, 1853
  • Limia Poey, 1854
  • Micropoecilia Hubbs, 1926
  • Neoheterandria Henn, 1916
  • Pamphorichthys Regan, 1913
  • Phallichthys Hubbs, 1924
  • Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907
  • Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907
  • Phallotorynus Henn, 1916
  • Poecilia Bloch and Schneider, 1801
  • Poeciliopsis Regan, 1913
  • Priapella Regan, 1913
  • Priapichthys Regan, 1913
  • Pseudopoecilia Regan, 1913
  • Quintana Hubbs, 1934
  • Scolichthys Rosen, 1967
  • Tomeurus Eigenmann, 1909
  • Xenodexia Hubbs, 1950
  • Xenophallus Hubbs, 1924
  • Xiphophorus Heckel, 1848
• Procatopodinae Fowler, 1916
  • Cynopanchax Ahl, 1928
  • Fluviphylax Whitley, 1965
  • Hypsopanchax Myers, 1924
  • Lamprichthys Regan, 1911
  • Micropanchax Myers, 1924
  • Pantanodon Myers, 1955
  • Plataplochilus Ahl, 1928
  • Procatopus Boulenger, 1904