อ้างอิง ของ หลุมดำ

  1. ↑ "รังสีแกมมาจากหลุมดำและดาวนิวตรอน". นาซา/ศูนย์การบินอวกาศก็อดเดิร์ด.
  2. ↑ Remillard, Ronald A.; McClintock (2006) , "X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries", Ann.Rev.Astron.Astrophys. 44: 49-92.
  3. ↑ Celotti, A.; Miller, J.C.; Sciama, D.W. (1999) , "Astrophysical evidence for the existence of black holes", Class. Quant. Grav. 16.
  4. ↑ a b Michell, J. (1784) , Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London) 74: 35-57 .
  5. ↑ "Dark Stars (1783)". Thinkquest. เก็บข้อมูลเมื่อ 2008-05-28.
  6. ↑ Laplace; see Israel, Werner (1987) , "Dark stars: the evolution of an idea", in Hawking, Stephen W. & Israel, Werner, 300 Years of Gravitation, Cambridge University Press, Sec. 7.4
  7. ↑ Hawking, Stephen (1974). "Black Hole Explosions". Nature 248: pp. 30–31. doi:10.1038/248030a0.
  8. ↑ McDonald, Kirk T. (1998) , Hawking-Unruh Radiation and Radiation of a Uniformly Accelerated Charge.
  9. ↑ Hawking & Penrose 1996, p. 44.
  10. ↑ Michael Quinion. "Black Hole". World Wide Words. เก็บข้อมูลเมื่อ 2008-06-17.
  11. ↑ "Online Etymology Dictionary"
  12. ↑ Michell, J. (1784), Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London), 74: 35–57 Missing or empty |title= (help).
  13. 1 2 Schwarzschild, Karl (1916), "Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie", Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. D. Wiss.: 189–196 and Schwarzschild, Karl (1916), "Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Kugel aus inkompressibler Flüssigkeit nach der Einsteinschen Theorie", Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. D. Wiss.: 424–434.
  14. ↑ On Massive Neutron Cores, J. R. Oppenheimer and G. M. Volkoff, Physical Review 55, #374 (15 February 1939), pp. 374-381.
  15. ↑ NASA. "Artist impression of a black hole".
  16. ↑ Heusler, M. (1998). "Stationary Black Holes: Uniqueness and Beyond". Living Rev. Relativity. 1 (6).
  17. ↑ Hinshaw, G.; และคณะ (2008). "Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results".CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) .
  18. ↑ For a review see Robert Wald (1997). "Gravitational Collapse and Cosmic Censorship"..
  19. ↑ สำหรับการอภิปรายในหัวข้อนี้ ดู Berger, Beverly K. (2002). "Numerical Approaches to Spacetime Singularities". Living Rev. Relativity. 5. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-04..
  20. ↑ McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Shafee, Rebecca; Narayan, Ramesh; Remillard, Ronald A.; Davis, Shane W.; Li-Xin (2006). "The Spin of the Near-Extreme Kerr Black Hole GRS 1915+105". Astrophys.J. 652: 518–539.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) .
  21. ↑ Valtonen, M.J.; และคณะ (2008), "A massive binary black-hole system in OJ 287 and atest of general relativity", Nature, 452: 851, doi:10.1038/nature06896 line feed character in |title= at position 51 (help)CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
  22. ↑ Nemiroff, Robert J. (1993), "Visual distortions near a neutron star and black hole", American Journal of Physics, 61: 619
  23. 1 2 Hawking, S.W. (1974), "Black hole explosions?", nature, 248: 30–31, doi:10.1038/248030a0
  24. ↑ Page, Ron N. (2005), "Hawking Radiation and Black Hole Thermodynamics", New.J.Phys., 7 (203): 203, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/203
  25. ↑ Hawking, S.W.; Penrose, R. (1970), "The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology", Proc.Roy.Soc.Lon, 314 (1519): 529–548
  26. ↑ Carr, B.J. (2005), "Primordial Black Holes: Do They Exist and Are They Useful?", Proceedings of "Inflating Horizon of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology", Universal Academy Press Inc and Yamada Science Foundation
  27. ↑ Thomas, Scott (2002), "High Energy Colliders as Black Hole Factories: The End of Short Distance Physics", Phys.Rev. D, 65 (056010) Text "last1-Giddings " ignored (help); |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  28. ↑ Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Dimopoulos, Savas; Dvali, Gia (1998), "The Hierarchy Problem and New Dimensions at a Millimeter", Phys.Lett. B, 429: 263–272
  29. ↑ Lewis, G. F. and Kwan, J. (2007). "No Way Back: Maximizing Survival Time Below the Schwarzschild Event Horizon". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 24 (2): 46–52.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ↑ The diagrams here are effectively Finkelstein diagrams using an advanced time parameter. Compare to (Hawking & Ellis 1973, figure 23ii).
  31. ↑ An example of this reasoning can be found on this website created by students from Tufts university.
  32. ↑ Townsend, P.K., Black Holes, p. 18. Lecture notes for a Cambridge Part III course.
  33. ↑ Bloom, J.S., Kulkarni, S. R., & Djorgovski, S. G. (2002). "The Observed Offset Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts from Their Host Galaxies: A Robust Clue to the Nature of the Progenitors". Astronomical Journal. 123: 1111–1148.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. ↑ Blinnikov, S.; และคณะ (1984). "Exploding Neutron Stars in Close Binaries". Soviet Astronomy Letters. 10: 177.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
  35. ↑ Lattimer, J. M. and Schramm, D. N. (1976). "The tidal disruption of neutron stars by black holes in close binaries". Astrophysical Journal. 210: 549.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ↑ Paczynski, B. (1995). "How Far Away Are Gamma-Ray Bursters?". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 107: 1167.
  37. ↑ Winter, L.M., Mushotzky, R.F. and Reynolds, C.S. (2005, revised 2006). "XMM-Newton Archival Study of the ULX Population in Nearby Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 649: 730. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  38. ↑ Jiang, L., Fan, X., Ivezić, Ž., Richards, G.~T., Schneider, D.~P., Strauss, M.~A., Kelly, B.~C. (2007). "The Radio-Loud Fraction of Quasars is a Strong Function of Redshift and Optical Luminosity". Astrophysical Journal. 656: 680–690.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ↑ "NASA scientists identify smallest known black hole".
  40. 1 2 J. H. Krolik (1999). Active Galactic Nuclei. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01151-6.
  41. 1 2 3 L. S. Sparke, J. S. Gallagher III (2000). Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59704-4.
  42. ↑ J. Kormendy, D. Richstone (1995). "Inward Bound---The Search For Supermassive Black Holes In Galactic Nuclei". Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 33: 581–624. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.33.090195.003053.
  43. ↑ Ghez, A. M. (2005). "Stellar Orbits around the Galactic Center Black Hole". The Astrophysical Journal. 620 (2): 744–757. doi:10.1086/427175. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-05-10. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  44. ↑ Gerssen, Joris (2002). "Hubble Space Telescope Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in the Globular Cluster M15. II. Kinematic Analysis and Dynamical Modeling". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (6): 3270–3288. doi:10.1086/344584. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  45. ↑ "Hubble Discovers Black Holes in Unexpected Places". HubbelSite. 2002-09-17. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-10-31.
  46. ↑ "Second black hole found at the centre of our Galaxy". NatureNews. doi:10.1038/news041108-2. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-03-25.
  47. ↑ Maillard, J.P.; Paumard, T.; Stolovy, S.R.; Rigaut, F. (2004), "The nature of the Galactic Center source IRS 13 revealed by high spatial resolution in the infrared", Astron.Astrophys., 423: 155–167, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034147
  48. ↑ http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0805.2952
  49. ↑ Maccarone, Thomas J.; Kundu, Arunav; Zepf, Stephen E.; Rhode, Katherine L. (2007), "A black hole in a globular cluster", Nature, 445: 183–185, doi:10.1038/nature05434
  50. ↑ Casares, J. (2006). Observational evidence for stellar mass black holes. Proceedings of IAU Symposium 238: "Black Holes: From Stars to Galaxies -Across the Range of Masses".
  51. ↑ Garcia, M.R.; Miller, J. M.; McClintock, J. E.; King, A. R.; Orosz, J. (2003), "Resolved Jets and Long Period Black Hole Novae", Astrophys.J., 591: 388–396, doi:10.1086/375218
  52. ↑ Orosz, J.A.; และคณะ (2007). "A 15.65 solar mass black hole in an eclipsing binary in the nearby spiral galaxy Messier 33" (subscription required). Nature. 449: 872–875. doi:10.1038/nature06218.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
  53. ↑ arXiv:/0501068 hep-th /0501068
  54. ↑ See Safety of particle collisions at the Large Hadron Collider for a more in depth discussion.

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