| อักษร | รูปท้าย-กลาง-ต้น | การออกเสียงแบบจีน | พินอิน | การออกเสียงแบบอาหรับ | การออกเสียงแบบเปอร์เซีย | ตัวอย่าง | หมายเหตุ |
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| 1 | | | [ɑ], [a] | a, a-, -a, -a- | [ʔ], [aː], [æː] | [ʔ], [ɔ], [æ] | اَ(阿ā) | vowel sound | | 2 | | | [p]|[b]- | b- | [b] | [b] | بَا(爸bà) | | | 3 | | | [pʰ]- | p- | none | [p] | پُ(婆pó) | borrowed from Persian | | 4 | | | [tʰ]- | t- | [t] | [t] | تَا(塔tǎ) | | | 5 | | | [tɕʰ]-, [ɕ]- | q-, x- | [θ] | [s] | ثِئ(些xiē) | sound change occurs when representing Chinese | | 6 | | | [tɕʰ]- | q- | none | none | ٿْو(穷qióng) | | | 7 | | | [tʂ]- | zh- | [dʒ] | [dʒ] | جـْ(这zhè) | sound change occurs when representing Chinese | | 8 | | | [tʂʰ]- | ch- | none | [tʃ] | چـْ(车chē) | borrowed from Persian | | 9 | | | [x]- | h- | [ħ] | [h] | حـْ(河hé) | used before syllable with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -e, -ei, -en, -eng | | 10 | | | [x]- | h- | [x] | [x] | خـُ(湖hú) | used before syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -u, -ua, -uai, -uan, -uang, -ui, -un, -uo | | 11 | | | [t]|[d]-, [tɕ]- | d-, j- | [d] | [d] | دٍْ(钉dīng) | also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initial j- | | 12 | | | [ts]- | z- | [ð] | [z] | ذَىْ(在zài) | | | 13 | | | -[ɻ] | -r | [r] | [r] | لِر(粒儿lìr) | represents the rhotic final -r sound | | 14 | | | none | none | [z] | [z] | زَكَاة(zakat) | only used with Arabic loans | | 15 | | | [ʐ]|[ɻ]- | r- | none | [ʒ] | ژْ(热rè) | borrowed from Persian | | 16 | | | [s]-, [ɕ]- | s-, x- | [s] | [s] | سٍ(信xìn) | also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials s- and sh- | | 17 | | | [s]- | s- | none | none | (思sī) | only used for entering tone or formerly entering tone syllables | | 18 | | | [ʂ]-, [ɕ]- | sh-, x- | [ʃ] | [ʃ] | شِ(是shì) | also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initial x- | | 19 | | | [s]- | s- | [sˤ]|[sˠ] | [s] | صْ(色sè) | | | 20 | | | ไม่มี | ไม่มี | [dˤ]|[ðˠ] | [z] | الْضَّاد(letter ḍād) | only used with Arabic loans | | 21 | | | [tsʰ]- | c- | none | none | ڞْ(册cè) | | | 22 | | | [ts]- | z- | [tˤ]|[tˠ] | [t] | طٌ(遵zūn) | sound change occurs when representing Chinese | | 23 | | | [ts]- | z- | [ðˤ]|[ðˠ] | [z] | ظْ(作zuò) | sound change occurs when representing Chinese | | 24 | | | [ə] | e, e-, -e, -e- | [ʕ] | [ʔ] | عـَ(恶è) | เป็นสระในภาษาจีน แต่เป็นพยัญชนะในคำยืมจากภาษาอาหรับและเปอร์เซีย | | 25 | | | none | none | [ɣ]|[ʁ] | [ɣ], [q], [ɢ], [x] | غَبْن(criminal fraud) | only used with Arabic loans | | 26 | | | [f]- | f- | [f] | [f] | فِ(废fèi) | | | 27 | | | [k]|[ɡ]- | g- | [q] | [q], [ɢ] | قَ(个ge) | sound change occurs when representing Chinese | | 28 | | | none | none | [k] | none | كَلِمَة(proverb) | ใช้ในคำยืมภาษาอาหรับเท่านั้น | | 28 | | | [kʰ]- | k- | none | [k] | کْ(可kě) | ยืมจากเปอร์เซีย | | 29 | | | none | none | none | [ɡ] | گنج(treasure) | ยืมจากเปอร์เซียและใช้กับคำยืมเท่านั้น | | 30 | | | [ŋ]-, [ɲ]- | ng-, gn- | none | none | ݣْا(仰ngǎng) | relatively rare, used to represent either the [ŋ]- initial of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia or the [ɲ]- initial of Gansu and Qinghai | | 31 | | | [l]- | l- | [l]|[lˤ] | [l] | لِ(里lǐ) | | | 32 | | | [m]|[n]- | m-, n- | [m] | [m] | مِ(秘mì) | | | 33 | | | [n]- | n- | [n] | [n] | نِ(你nǐ) | | | 34 | | | [x]- | h- | [h] | [h], [ɛ], [æ] | هَا(哈hā) | mostly used with Arabic loans, used before syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -a, -ai, -an, -ang, -ao | | 35 | | | [u], [ʊ] | wu, u-, -u, -u- | [w], [uː] | [v], [u], [o], [ow] | ءُ(无wú) | เสียงสระ | | 36 | | | ไม่มี | ไม่มี | [j], [iː] | ไม่มี | يَوْم(Judgement Day) | ใช้กับคำยืมจากภาษาอาหรับและเสียงสระ | | 36 | | | [i], [ɪ] | yi, i-, -i, -i- | ไม่มี | [j], [i], [e] | يَا(呀ya) | ยืมจากเปอร์เซียและเสียงสระ |
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