↑ Saladin, KS (2018). "Chapter 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves". Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Motor Control, 533-535. ISBN978-1-259-27772-6.
↑ Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Katz, Lawrence C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; Williams, S. Mark (2018-05-09). "Damage to Descending Motor Pathways: The Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome". Archived from the original on 2018-05-03. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-05-09 – โดยทาง www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
