อ้างอิง ของ โค่วโถว

รายการอ้างอิง

  1. ↑ Kipnis, Andrew B. (1997). "Kowtowing". Producing Guanxi: Sentiment, Self, and Subculture in a North China Village (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Duke University Press. pp. 75–83. ISBN 978-0-8223-1873-6.
  2. ↑ Ge Feng; Zhengming Du (2016). Traditional Chinese Rites and Rituals. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 110. ISBN 9781443887830.

บรรณานุกรม

  • Fairbank, John K., and Ssu-yu Teng. "On the Ch'ing tributary system." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 6.2 (1941): 135–246. online
  • Frevert, Ute. "Kneeling and the Protocol of Humiliation." in by Benno Gammerl, Philipp Nielsen, and Margrit, eds. Encounters with Emotions: Negotiating Cultural Differences since Early Modernity (2019): pp. 133–159 excerpt.
  • Gao, Hao. "The "Inner Kowtow Controversy" During the Amherst Embassy to China, 1816–1817." Diplomacy & Statecraft 27.4 (2016): 595–614.
  • Hevia, James L. "‘The ultimate gesture of deference and debasement’: kowtowing in China." Past and Present 203.suppl_4 (2009): 212–234.
  • Pritchard, Earl H. "The kotow in the Macartney embassy to China in 1793." Journal of Asian Studies 2.2 (1943): 163–203. online
  • Reinders, Eric (2015). Buddhist and Christian Responses to the Kowtow Problem in China. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 9781474227292.
  • Rockhill, William Woodville. "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question I," The American Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Apr. 1897), pp. 427–442. online
  • Rockhill, William Woodville. "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question II," The American Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Jul. 1897), pp. 627–643. online