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  1. ↑ Grimes, DA; Stuart, G (2010). "Abortion jabberwocky: the need for better terminology". Contraception. 81 (2): 93–6. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.09.005. PMID 20103443.
  2. 1 2 3 Grimes, DA; Benson, J; Singh, S; Romero, M; Ganatra, B; Okonofua, FE; Shah, IH (2006). "Unsafe abortion: The preventable pandemic" (PDF). The Lancet. 368 (9550): 1908–1919. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69481-6. PMID 17126724. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Raymond, EG; Grossman, D; Weaver, MA; Toti, S; Winikoff, B (November 2014). "Mortality of induced abortion, other outpatient surgical procedures and common activities in the United States". Contraception. 90 (5): 476–479. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.012. PMID 25152259.
  4. 1 2 3 Kulier, R; Kapp, N; Gülmezoglu, AM; Hofmeyr, GJ; Cheng, L; Campana, A (9 November 2011). "Medical methods for first trimester abortion". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (11): CD002855. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub4. PMID 22071804.
  5. 1 2 3 Kapp, N; Whyte, P; Tang, J; Jackson, E; Brahmi, D (September 2013). "A review of evidence for safe abortion care". Contraception. 88 (3): 350–63. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.10.027. PMID 23261233.
  6. 1 2 Lohr, PA; Fjerstad, M; Desilva, U; Lyus, R (2014). "Abortion". BMJ. 348: f7553. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7553.
  7. 1 2 3 Shah, I; Ahman, E (December 2009). "Unsafe abortion: global and regional incidence, trends, consequences, and challenges" (PDF). Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 31 (12): 1149–58. PMID 20085681. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ World Health Organization (2012). Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems (PDF) (2nd ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 8. ISBN 9789241548434. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Sedgh, Gilda; Bearak, Jonathan; Singh, Susheela; Bankole, Akinrinola; Popinchalk, Anna; Ganatra, Bela; Rossier, Clémentine; Gerdts, Caitlin; Tunçalp, Özge; Johnson, Brooke Ronald; Johnston, Heidi Bart; Alkema, Leontine (May 2016). "Abortion incidence between 1990 and 2014: global, regional, and subregional levels and trends". The Lancet. 388: 258–67. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30380-4. PMC 5498988. PMID 27179755.
  10. ↑ "Worldwide, an estimated 25 million unsafe abortions occur each year". World Health Organization. 28 September 2017. สืบค้นเมื่อ 29 September 2017.
  11. 1 2 Sedgh, G.; Singh, S.; Shah, I. H.; Åhman, E.; Henshaw, S. K.; Bankole, A. (2012). "Induced abortion: Incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008" (PDF). The Lancet. 379 (9816): 625–632. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61786-8. PMID 22264435. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2012. Because few of the abortion estimates were based on studies of random samples of women, and because we did not use a model-based approach to estimate abortion incidence, it was not possible to compute confidence intervals based on standard errors around the estimates. Drawing on the information available on the accuracy and precision of abortion estimates that were used to develop the subregional, regional, and worldwide rates, we computed intervals of certainty around these rates (webappendix). We computed wider intervals for unsafe abortion rates than for safe abortion rates. The basis for these intervals included published and unpublished assessments of abortion reporting in countries with liberal laws, recently published studies of national unsafe abortion, and high and low estimates of the numbers of unsafe abortion developed by WHO. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Sedgh G, Henshaw SK, Singh S, Bankole A, Drescher J (September 2007). "Legal abortion worldwide: incidence and recent trends". International Family Planning Perspectives. 33 (3): 106–116. doi:10.1363/ifpp.33.106.07. PMID 17938093. Archived from the original on 19 August 2009. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  13. 1 2 Culwell KR, Vekemans M, de Silva U, Hurwitz M (July 2010). "Critical gaps in universal access to reproductive health: Contraception and prevention of unsafe abortion". International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 110: S13–16. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.003. PMID 20451196.
  14. ↑ Joffe, Carole (2009). "1. Abortion and medicine: A sociopolitical history". ใน M Paul, ES Lichtenberg, L Borgatta, DA Grimes, PG Stubblefield, MD Creinin (eds.). Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy (PDF) (1st ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4443-1293-5. OL 15895486W. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
  15. 1 2 Boland, R.; Katzive, L. (2008). "Developments in Laws on Induced Abortion: 1998–2007". International Family Planning Perspectives. 34 (3): 110–120. doi:10.1363/ifpp.34.110.08. PMID 18957353. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ Nixon, edited by Frederick Adolf Paola, Robert Walker, Lois LaCivita (2010). Medical ethics and humanities. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 249. ISBN 9780763760632. OL 13764930W. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ Johnstone, Megan-Jane (2009). Bioethics a nursing perspective (5th ed.). Sydney, N.S.W.: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 228. ISBN 9780729578738. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Although abortion has been legal in many countries for several decades now, its moral permissibilities continues to be the subject of heated public debate. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Sifris, Ronli Noa (2013). Reproductive freedom, torture and international human rights: challenging the masculinisation of torture. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. p. 3. ISBN 9781135115227. OCLC 869373168. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ Pastor Mark Driscoll (18 October 2013). "What do 55 million people have in common?". Fox News. Archived from the original on 31 August 2014. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2 July 2014. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ Hansen, Dale (18 March 2014). "Abortion: Murder, or Medical Procedure?". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2 July 2014. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ Cheng L. (1 November 2008). "Surgical versus medical methods for second-trimester induced abortion". The WHO Reproductive Health Library. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 June 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ Bankole; และคณะ (1998). "Reasons Why Women Have Induced Abortions: Evidence from 27 Countries". International Family Planning Perspectives. 24 (3): 117–127 & 152. doi:10.2307/3038208. Archived from the original on 17 January 2006. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ Finer, Lawrence B.; Frohwirth, Lori F.; Dauphinee, Lindsay A.; Singh, Susheela; Moore, Ann M. (2005). "Reasons U.S. Women Have Abortions: Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives" (PDF). Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 37 (3): 110–118. doi:10.1111/j.1931-2393.2005.tb00045.x. PMID 16150658. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2006. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  24. ↑ Stubblefield, Phillip G. (2002). "10. Family Planning". ใน Berek, Jonathan S. (ed.). Novak's Gynecology (13 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-3262-8.
  25. ↑ Bartlett, LA; Berg, CJ; Shulman, HB; Zane, SB; Green, CA; Whitehead, S; Atrash, HK (2004), "Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States", Obstetrics & Gynecology, 103 (4): 729–37, doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000116260.81570.60, PMID 15051566
  26. ↑ Roche, Natalie E. (28 September 2004). "Therapeutic Abortion". eMedicine. Archived from the original on 14 December 2004. สืบค้นเมื่อ 19 June 2011.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Schorge, John O.; Schaffer, Joseph I.; Halvorson, Lisa M.; Hoffman, Barbara L.; Bradshaw, Karen D.; Cunningham, F. Gary, eds. (2008). "6. First-Trimester Abortion". Williams Gynecology (1 ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-147257-9.
  28. ↑ Churchill Livingstone medical dictionary. Edinburgh New York: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2008. ISBN 978-0-443-10412-1. The preferred term for unintentional loss of the product of conception prior to 24 weeks' gestation is miscarriage.
  29. ↑ Annas, George J.; Elias, Sherman (2007). "51. Legal and Ethical Issues in Obstetric Practice". ใน Gabbe, Steven G.; Niebyl, Jennifer R.; Simpson, Joe Leigh (eds.). Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies (5 ed.). Churchill Livingstone. p. 669. ISBN 978-0-443-06930-7. A preterm birth is defined as one that occurs before the completion of 37 menstrual weeks of gestation, regardless of birth weight.
  30. ↑ "Stillbirth". Concise Medical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. birth of a fetus that shows no evidence of life (heartbeat, respiration, or independent movement) at any time later than 24 weeks after conception Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  31. ↑ "7 FAM 1470 Documenting Stillbirth (Fetal Death)". United States Department of State. 18 February 2011. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 January 2016.
  32. ↑ Annas, George J.; Elias, Sherman (2007). "24. Pregnancy loss". ใน Gabbe, Steven G.; Niebyl, Jennifer R.; Simpson, Joe Leigh (eds.). Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies (5 ed.). Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-06930-7.
  33. ↑ Katz, Vern L. (2007). "16. Spontaneous and Recurrent Abortion – Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment". ใน Katz, Vern L.; Lentz, Gretchen M.; Lobo, Rogerio A.; Gershenson, David M. (eds.). Katz: Comprehensive Gynecology (5 ed.). Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-02951-3.
  34. ↑ Stovall, Thomas G. (2002). "17. Early Pregnancy Loss and Ectopic Pregnancy". ใน Berek, Jonathan S. (ed.). Novak's Gynecology (13 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-3262-8.
  35. ↑ Cunningham, F. Gary; Leveno, Kenneth J.; Bloom, Steven L.; Spong, Catherine Y.; Dashe, Jodi S.; Hoffman, Barbara L.; Casey, Brian M.; Sheffield, Jeanne S., eds. (2014). Williams Obstetrics (24th ed.). McGraw Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-179893-8.
  36. 1 2 Jauniaux E, Kaminopetros P, El-Rafaey H (1999). "Early pregnancy loss". ใน Whittle MJ, Rodeck CH (eds.). Fetal medicine: basic science and clinical practice. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 837. ISBN 978-0-443-05357-3. OCLC 42792567.
  37. ↑ Stöppler, Melissa Conrad. Shiel, William C., Jr. (ed.). "Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion)". MedicineNet.com. WebMD. Archived from the original on 29 August 2004. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 April 2009. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  38. ↑ Stöppler, Melissa Conrad. Shiel, William C., Jr. (ed.). "Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion)". MedicineNet.com. WebMD. Archived from the original on 29 August 2004. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 April 2009. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  39. ↑ "Fetal Homicide Laws". National Conference of State Legislatures. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 April 2009.แม่แบบ:Cbignore
  40. 1 2 Kulier R, Kapp N, Gülmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng L, Campana A (2011). "Medical methods for first trimester abortion". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD002855. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub4. PMID 22071804.
  41. 1 2 Creinin MD, Gemzell-Danielsson K (2009). "Medical abortion in early pregnancy". ใน Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD (eds.). Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: comprehensive abortion care. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 111–134. ISBN 1-4051-7696-2.
  42. ↑ Kapp N, von Hertzen H (2009). "Medical methods to induce abortion in the second trimester". ใน Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD (eds.). Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: comprehensive abortion care. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 178–192. ISBN 1-4051-7696-2.
  43. ↑ Wildschut, H; Both, MI; Medema, S; Thomee, E; Wildhagen, MF; Kapp, N (19 January 2011). "Medical methods for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD005216. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005216.pub2. PMID 21249669.
  44. ↑ Chen, MJ; Creinin, MD (July 2015). "Mifepristone With Buccal Misoprostol for Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 126 (1): 12–21. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000897. PMID 26241251.
  45. 1 2 WHO Department of Reproductive Health and Research (23 November 2006). Frequently asked clinical questions about medical abortion (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 92-4-159484-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2011. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 November 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)(ต้องรับบริการ)
  46. ↑ Fjerstad M, Sivin I, Lichtenberg ES, Trussell J, Cleland K, Cullins V (September 2009). "Effectiveness of medical abortion with mifepristone and buccal misoprostol through 59 gestational days". Contraception. 80 (3): 282–286. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.010. PMC 3766037. PMID 19698822. The regimen (200 mg of mifepristone, followed 24–48 hours later by 800 mcg of vaginal misoprostol) previously used by Planned Parenthood clinics in the United States from 2001 to March 2006 was 98.5% effective through 63 days gestation—with an ongoing pregnancy rate of about 0.5%, and an additional 1% of women having uterine evacuation for various reasons, including problematic bleeding, persistent gestational sac, clinician judgment or a woman's request. The regimen (200 mg of mifepristone, followed 24–48 hours later by 800 mcg of buccal misoprostol) currently used by Planned Parenthood clinics in the United States since April 2006 is 98.3% effective through 59 days gestation.
  47. ↑ Holmquist S, Gilliam M (2008). "Induced abortion". ใน Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF, Nygaard I (eds.). Danforth's obstetrics and gynecology (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 586–603. ISBN 978-0-7817-6937-2.
  48. ↑ Potts, M.; Graff, M.; Taing, J. (2007). "Thousand-year-old depictions of massage abortion". Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 33 (4): 233–234. doi:10.1783/147118907782101904. PMID 17925100.
  49. ↑ Mould R (1996). Mould's Medical Anecdotes. CRC Press. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-85274-119-1.
  50. ↑ "The Prevention and Management of Unsafe Abortion" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 1995. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 June 2010.
  51. ↑ Grimes, D. A.; Benson, J.; Singh, S.; Romero, M.; Ganatra, B.; Okonofua, F. E.; Shah, I. H. (2006). "Unsafe abortion: The preventable pandemic" (PDF). The Lancet. 368 (9550): 1908–1919. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69481-6. PMID 17126724.
  52. ↑ Grimes, DA; Creinin, MD (2004). "Induced abortion: an overview for internists". Ann. Intern. Med. 140 (8): 620–6. doi:10.1001/archinte.140.5.620. PMID 15096333.
  53. ↑ Raymond, E. G.; Grimes, D. A. (2012). "The Comparative Safety of Legal Induced Abortion and Childbirth in the United States". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 119 (2, Part 1): 215–219. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31823fe923. PMID 22270271.
  54. ↑ Grimes DA (2006). "Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 194 (1): 92–4. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.070. PMID 16389015. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  55. ↑ Bartlett LA; Berg CJ; Shulman HB; และคณะ (2004). "Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States". Obstet Gynecol. 103 (4): 729–37. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000116260.81570.60. PMID 15051566. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |author-separator= ignored (help)
  56. ↑ Trupin, Suzanne (27 May 2010). "Elective Abortion". eMedicine. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 June 2010. At every gestational age, elective abortion is safer for the mother than carrying a pregnancy to term.
  57. ↑ Pittman, Genevra (23 January 2012). "Abortion safer than giving birth: study". Reuters. สืบค้นเมื่อ 4 February 2012.
  58. ↑ Westfall JM, Sophocles A, Burggraf H, Ellis S (1998). "Manual vacuum aspiration for first-trimester abortion". Arch Fam Med. 7 (6): 559–62. doi:10.1001/archfami.7.6.559. PMID 9821831.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  59. ↑ ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins--Gynecology (2009). "ACOG practice bulletin No. 104: antibiotic prophylaxis for gynecologic procedures". Obstet Gynecol. 113 (5): 1180–9. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181a6d011. PMID 19384149. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  60. 1 2 Templeton, A.; Grimes, D. A. (2011). "A Request for Abortion". New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (23): 2198–2204. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1103639. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  61. ↑ Sawaya GF, Grady D, Kerlikowske K, Grimes DA (1996). "Antibiotics at the time of induced abortion: the case for universal prophylaxis based on a meta-analysis". Obstet Gynecol. 87 (5 Pt 2): 884–90. PMID 8677129. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  62. ↑ Grossman D (3 September 2004). "Medical methods for first trimester abortion: RHL commentary". Reproductive Health Library. Geneva: World Health Organization. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-11-22.
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  66. ↑ Okonofua, F. (2006). "Abortion and maternal mortality in the developing world" (PDF). Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 28 (11): 974–979. PMID 17169222.
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  68. 1 2 "Unsafe abortion: Global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2003" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2007. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 March 2011.
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  70. ↑ Jewkes R, Rees H, Dickson K, Brown H, Levin J (2005). "The impact of age on the epidemiology of incomplete abortions in South Africa after legislative change". BJOG. 112 (3): 355–9. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00422.x. PMID 15713153. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  71. ↑ Bateman C (2007). "Maternal mortalities 90% down as legal TOPs more than triple". S. Afr. Med. J. 97 (12): 1238–42. PMID 18264602. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  72. ↑ Singh, Susheela et al. Adding it Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Family Planning and Newborn Health (New York: Guttmacher Institute and United Nations Population Fund 2009): "If women’s contraceptive needs were addressed (and assuming no changes in abortion laws)...the number of unsafe abortions would decline by 73% from 20 million to 5.5 million." A few of the findings in that report were subsequently changed, and are available at: "Facts on Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health" (Guttmacher Institute 2010).
  73. ↑ Maclean, Gaynor (2005). "XI. Dimension, Dynamics and Diversity: A 3D Approach to Appraising Global Maternal and Neonatal Health Initiatives". ใน Balin, Randell E. (ed.). Trends in Midwifery Research. Nova Publishers. pp. 299–300. ISBN 9781594544774.
  74. ↑ Salter, C., Johnson, H.B., and Hengen, N. (1997). "Care for Postabortion Complications: Saving Women's Lives". Population Reports. Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. 25 (1). Archived from the original on 1 September 2011.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  75. ↑ UNICEF, United Nations Population Fund, WHO, World Bank (2010). "Packages of interventions: Family planning, safe abortion care, maternal, newborn and child health". สืบค้นเมื่อ 31 December 2010.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  76. ↑ Jasen P (2005). "Breast cancer and the politics of abortion in the United States". Medical History. 49 (4): 423–44. PMC 1251638. PMID 16562329.
  77. ↑
  78. ↑ Cockburn, Jayne; Pawson, Michael E. (2007). Psychological Challenges to Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Clinical Management. Springer. p. 243. ISBN 978-1-84628-807-4.
  79. ↑ Adler, NE; David, HP; Major, BN; Roth, SH; Russo, NF; Wyatt, GE (1990). "Psychological responses after abortion". Science. 248 (4951): 41–4. doi:10.1126/science.2181664. PMID 2181664.
  80. ↑ "APA Task Force Finds Single Abortion Not a Threat to Women's Mental Health" (Press release). American Psychological Association. 12 August 2008. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 September 2011.
  81. ↑ "Report of the APA Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion" (PDF). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 13 August 2008.
  82. ↑ Steinberg, J. R. (2011). "Later Abortions and Mental Health: Psychological Experiences of Women Having Later Abortions—A Critical Review of Research". Women's Health Issues. 21 (3): S44–S48. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2011.02.002. PMID 21530839.
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