เชิงอรรถและอ้างอิง ของ ซากดึกดำบรรพ์ช่วงเปลี่ยนสภาพ

  1. ↑ Freeman & Herron 2004, p. 816
  2. 1 2 Prothero 2007, pp. 133-135
  3. ↑ Darwin 1859, pp. 279-280
  4. ↑ Darwin 1859, pp. 341-343
  5. 1 2 Prothero, Donald R. (2008-03-01). "Evolution: What missing link?". New Scientist. London: Reed Business Information. 197 (2645): 35–41. doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(08)60548-5. ISSN 0262-4079. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-05-13.
  6. ↑ For example, see Benton 1997
  7. ↑ Prothero 2007, p. 84.
  8. 1 2 Kazlev, M. Alan. "Amphibians, Systematics, and Cladistics". Palaeos. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-05-09.
  9. ↑ Prothero 2007, p. 127.
  10. ↑ Prothero 2007, p. 263.
  11. ↑ Prothero, Donald R.; Lazarus, David B. (1980-06). "Planktonic Microfossils and the Recognition of Ancestors". Systematic Biology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. 29 (2): 119–129. doi:10.1093/sysbio/29.2.119. ISSN 1063-5157. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ↑ Xing Xu; Hailu You; Kai Du; Fenglu Han (2011-07-28). "An Archaeopteryx-like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae". Nature. London: Nature Publishing Group. 475 (7357): 465–470. doi:10.1038/nature10288. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 21796204.
  13. ↑ Erickson, Gregory M.; Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Zhonghe Zhou; และคณะ (2009-10-09). "Was Dinosaurian Physiology Inherited by Birds? Reconciling Slow Growth in Archaeopteryx". PLOS ONE. San Francisco, CA: PLOS. 4 (10): e7390. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7390E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007390. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 2756958. PMID 19816582.
  14. ↑ Yalden, Derek W. (1984-09). "What size was Archaeopteryx?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Linnean Society of London. 82 (1–2): 177–188. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1984.tb00541.x. ISSN 0024-4082. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ↑ "Archaeopteryx: An Early Bird". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-10-18.
  16. ↑ Wellnhofer 2004, pp. 282-300
  17. ↑ Lovejoy, C. Owen (1988). "Evolution of Human walking" (PDF). Scientific American. Stuttgart: Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. 259 (5): 82–89. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1188-118. ISSN 0036-8733. PMID 3212438.
  18. ↑ Lovejoy 1988, pp. 122
  19. ↑ "Australopithecus afarensis". Australian Museum. 2010-11-30. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-09-09.
  20. ↑ "Australopithecus afarensis". Smithsonian Institution. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-10-04.
  21. ↑ Tobias, P. The Brain in Hominid Evolution. New York: Columbia University Press.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  22. ↑ Schoenemann, P. Thomas (2006). "Evolution of the Size and Functional Areas of the Human Brain". Annual Review of Anthropology. 35 (1): 379–406. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123210. "Modern human brain sizes vary widely, but average -1330 cc (Dekaban 1978, Garby et al. 1993, Ho et al. 1980a, Pakkenberg & Voigt 1964)" these references are |isted on this page.
  23. ↑ White, Tim D.; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott; Asfaw, Berhane (2000-01). "Jaws and teeth of Australopithecus afarensis from Maka, Middle Awash, Ethiopia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. New York: John Wiley & Sons for the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. 111 (1): 45–68. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200001)111:1<45::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-I. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 10618588. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ↑ Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (2007-12-021). "Whales Descended From Tiny Deer-like Ancestors". Science Daily. Rockville, MD: ScienceDaily, LLC. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-05-15. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ↑ Gingerich & Russell 1981
  26. ↑ Castro & Huber 2003
  27. ↑ Nummela, Sirpa; Thewissen, J. G. M.; Bajpai, Sunil; และคณะ (2004-08-12). "Eocene evolution of whale hearing". Nature. London: London Publishing Group. 430 (7001): 776–778. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..776N. doi:10.1038/nature02720. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15306808.
  28. ↑ Thewissen, J. G. M.; Williams, Ellen M.; Roe, Lois J.; และคณะ (2001-09-20). "Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls". Nature. London: Nature Publishing Group. 413 (6853): 277–281. doi:10.1038/35095005. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11565023.
  29. 1 2 3 Thewissen, J. G. M.; Williams, Ellen M. (2002-11). "The Early Radiations of Cetacea (Mammalia) : Evolutionary Pattern and Developmental Correlations". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews. 33: 73–90. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095426. ISSN 1545-2069. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ↑ Thewissen, J. G. M.; Bajpai, Sunil (2001-12). "Whale Origins as a Poster Child for Macroevolution" (PDF). BioScience. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. 51 (12): 1037–1049. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[1037:WOAAPC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0006-3568. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-05-16. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. 1 2 Daeschler, Edward B.; Shubin, Neil H.; Jenkins, Farish A., Jr. (2006-04-06). "A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan". Nature. London: Nature Publishing Group. 440 (7085): 757–763. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..757D. doi:10.1038/nature04639. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16598249.
  32. ↑ Clack, Jennifer A. (2005-12). "Getting a Leg Up on Land". Scientific American. Stuttgart: Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. 293 (6): 100–107. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293f.100C. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1205-100. ISSN 0036-8733. PMID 16323697. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  33. ↑ Easton, John (2008-10-23). "Tiktaalik's internal anatomy explains evolutionary shift from water to land". University of Chicago Chronicle. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. 28 (3). ISSN 1095-1237. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-04-19.
  34. ↑ Wilford, John Noble (2006-04-05). "Scientists Call Fish Fossil the 'Missing Link'". The New York Times. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-05-17.
  35. ↑ Shubin 2008
  36. ↑ Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz; Szrek, Piotr; Narkiewicz, Katarzyna; และคณะ (2010-01-07). "Tetrapod trackways from the early Middle Devonian period of Poland". Nature. London: Nature Publishing Group. 463 (7227): 43–48. doi:10.1038/nature08623. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 20054388.
  37. ↑ "Four feet in the past: trackways pre-date earliest body fossils". Nature (Editor's summary). London: Nature Publishing Group. 463 (7227). 2010-01-07. ISSN 0028-0836.
  38. ↑ Chapleau & Amaoka 1998, pp. 223-226
  39. 1 2 Minard, Anne (2008-07-09). "Odd Fish Find Contradicts Intelligent-Design Argument". National Geographic News. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-07-17.
  40. 1 2 Friedman, Matt (2008-07-10). "The evolutionary origin of flatfish asymmetry". Nature. London: Nature Publishing Group. 454 (7201): 209–212. Bibcode:2008Natur.454..209F. doi:10.1038/nature07108. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 18615083.
  41. ↑ Gerrienne, Philippe; Meyer-Berthaud, Brigitte; Fairon-Demaret, Muriel; และคณะ (2004-10-29). "Runcaria, a Middle Devonian Seed Plant Precursor". Science. Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science. 306 (5697): 856–858. Bibcode:2004Sci...306..856G. doi:10.1126/science.1102491. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15514154.
  42. 1 2 Prothero 2007, pp. 50-53
  43. ↑ Isaak, Mark, ed. (2006-11-05). "Claim CC200: Transitional fossils". TalkOrigins Archive. Houston, TX: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-04-30.
  44. ↑ Donovan & Paul 1998
  45. ↑ Archibald, J. David (2009-08). "Edward Hitchcock's Pre-Darwinian (1840) 'Tree of Life'" (PDF). Journal of the History of Biology. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer Netherlands. 42 (3): 561–592. doi:10.1007/s10739-008-9163-y. ISSN 0022-5010. PMID 20027787. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ↑ Darwin 1859, Chapter 10.
  47. ↑ Wellnhofer 2009
  48. ↑ Leche 1904, pp. 1379-1380
  49. ↑ Kidston, Robert; Lang, William Henry (1917-02-27). "XXIV.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part I. Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughanii, Kidston and Lang". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. London: Robert Grant & Son; Williams & Norgate. 51 (3): 761–784. doi:10.1017/S0263593300006805. ISSN 0080-4568. OCLC 704166643. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-05-18.
  50. ↑ Kerp, Hans; Trewin, Nigel H.; Hass, Hagen (2003). "New gametophytes from the Early Devonian Rhynie chert". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences. Edinburgh, Scotland: Royal Society of Edinburgh. 94 (4): 411–428. doi:10.1017/S026359330000078X. ISSN 0080-4568.
  51. ↑ Andrews 1967, p. 32
  52. ↑ Lovejoy 1936.
  53. ↑ Lamarck 1815-1822
  54. ↑ Appel, Toby A. (Fall 1980). "Henri De Blainville and the Animal Series: A Nineteenth-Century Chain of Being". Journal of the History of Biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 13 (2): 291–319. doi:10.1007/BF00125745. ISSN 0022-5010. JSTOR 4330767.
  55. ↑ Haeckel 2011, p. 216.
  56. ↑ Bynum, William F. (Summer 1984). "Charles Lyell's Antiquity of Man and its critics". Journal of the History of Biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 17 (2): 153–187. doi:10.1007/BF00143731. ISSN 0022-5010. JSTOR 4330890.
  57. ↑ Browne 2003, pp. 130, 218, 515.
  58. ↑ Sambrani, Nagraj (2009-06-10). "Why the term 'missing links' is inappropriate". Biology Times (Blog). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-05-19.
  59. ↑ Swisher, Curtis & Lewin 2001
  60. ↑ Reader 2011
  61. ↑ Benton, Michael J. (2001-03). "Evidence of Evolutionary Transitions". actionbioscience. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-03-29. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. ↑ Zimmer, Carl (2009-05-19). "Darwinius: It delivers a pizza, and it lengthens, and it strengthens, and it finds that slipper that's been at large under the chaise lounge [sic] for several weeks..." The Loom (Blog). Waukesha, WI: Kalmbach Publishing. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-09-10.
  63. ↑ "มันล่อใจที่จะเรียกสปีชีส์ใหม่นี้ว่า เป็น 'ห่วงลูกโซ่ที่ยังขาด' อันหนึ่ง ระหว่างสปีชีส์ที่เกิดขึ้นก่อนและมนุษย์ปัจจุบัน แต่นักวิทยาศาสตร์กล่าวว่าแนวคิดนี้ใช้ไม่ได้แล้วเพราะความรู้ใหม่ที่ได้เกี่ยวกับวิวัฒนาการมนุษย์ [...] นักวิจัยปัจจุบันกล่าวว่า วิวัฒนาการของมนุษย์ประกอบด้วยสปีชีส์ต่าง ๆ ในสาขามากมาย ไม่ใช่เป็นแบบเส้นตรงจากสปีชีส์คล้ายเอปมาเป็นมนุษย์" "Newly found fossils could link to human ancestor". CBC News. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2010-04-08. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-05-19. It's tempting to call the new species a 'missing link' between earlier species and modern humans, but scientists say the concept no longer applies, given new knowledge of human evolution. [...] Researchers now say the evolution of humans consisted of a number of diverse species in many branches, not a single smooth line from ape-like species to humans.
  64. ↑ Eldredge & Gould 1972, pp. 82-115
  65. ↑ Gould, S. J. (1981-05-02). "Evolution as Fact and Theory". Discover. pp. 34–37.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)

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