อ้างอิง ของ ทะเลสาบโตบา


  1. 1 2 3 Worldlakes.org
  2. ↑ Global Volcanism Program page on Toba
  3. 1 2 Chesner, C.A.; Westgate, J.A.; Rose, W.I.; Drake, R.; Deino, A. (1991). "Eruptive history of Earth's largest Quaternary caldera (Toba, Indonesia) clarified" (PDF). Geology. Michigan Technological University. 19 (3): 200–203. Bibcode:1991Geo....19..200C. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0200:EHOESL>2.3.CO;2. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-08-23. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Ninkovich, D. (7 December 1978). "K−Ar age of the late Pleistocene eruption of Toba, north Sumatra". Nature. Nature Publishing Group. 276 (276): 574–577. Bibcode:1978Natur.276..574N. doi:10.1038/276574a0. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  5. ↑ "When humans faced extinction". BBC. 2003-06-09. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-01-05.
  6. 1 2 Gathorne-Hardy, F. J., and Harcourt-Smith, W. E. H., "The super-eruption of Toba, did it cause a human bottleneck?", Journal of Human Evolution 45 (2003) 227–230.
  7. ↑ "Synonyms and Subfeatures: Toba". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. สืบค้นเมื่อ December 13, 2008.
  8. ↑ Zielinski, G. A. (1996). "Potential Atmospheric impact of the Toba mega-eruption ~71'000 years ago". Geophysical Research Letters. United States: American Geophysical Union. 23 (8): 837–840. Bibcode:1996GeoRL..23..837Z. doi:10.1029/96GL00706. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia". Oregon State University.]
  10. 1 2 "Supersized eruptions are all the rage!". USGS. April 28, 2005.
  11. ↑ Acharyya, S.K.; Basu, P.K. (1993). "Toba ash on the South Asia and its implications for correlation of late pleistocene alluvium". Quaternary Research. 40 (1): 10–19. Bibcode:1993QuRes..40...10A. doi:10.1006/qres.1993.1051.
  12. ↑ Scrivenor, John Brooke (1931). The Geology of Malaya. London: MacMillan. OCLC 3575130., noted by Weber.
  13. ↑ Robock, A.; C.M. Ammann; L. Oman; D. Shindell; S. Levis; G. Stenchikov (2009). "Did the Toba volcanic eruption of ~74k BP produce widespread glaciation?". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114: D10107. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11410107R. doi:10.1029/2008JD011652.
  14. ↑ Bühring, C.; Sarnthein, M.; Leg 184 Shipboard Scientific Party (2000). "Toba ash layers in the South China Sea: evidence of contrasting wind directions during eruption ca. 74 ka". Geology. 28 (3): 275–278. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)028<0275:TALITS>2.3.CO;2.
  15. ↑ "Yellowstone Is a Supervolcano?". Biot Reports. Suburban Emergency Management Project (164). January 11, 2005. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-02-21.
  16. ↑ "Toba volcano (Indonesia, Sumatra)". VolcanoDiscovery.com.
  17. ↑ "Significant Earthquakes of the World". United States Geological Survey (USGS).
  18. ↑ "Batak People". IndonesianMusic.com.
  19. ↑ "Danau Toba (Lake Toba)". International Lake Environment Committee.
  20. 1 2 FishBase (2012). Species in Toba. Accessed 25 January 2012
  21. ↑ Lumbantobing, D. N. (2010). Four New Species of the Rasbora trifasciata-Group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Northwestern Sumatra, Indonesia. Copeia 4: 644-670
  22. ↑ Saragih, B., and S. Sunito (2001). Lake Toba: Need for an integrated management system. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 6(3): 247–251.

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