อ้างอิง ของ ปล่องแบบน้ำร้อน

  1. ↑ Mars Explorers to Benefit from Australian Research
  2. ↑ Degens, Egon T. (ed.), 1969, Hot Brines and Recent Heavy Metal Deposits in the Red Sea, 600 pp, Springer-Verlag
  3. ↑ "New undersea vent suggests snake-headed mythology". EurekAlert!. American Association for the advancement of Science. 18 April 2007. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2007.
  4. ↑ A. Koschinsky, C. Devey (2006-05-22). "Deep-Sea Heat Record: Scientists Observe Highest Temperature Ever Registered at the Sea Floor". International University Bremen. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-07-06.
  5. ↑ Sid Perkins (2001). "New type of hydrothermal vent looms large". Science News. 160 (2): 21. doi:10.2307/4012715.
  6. ↑ Tivey, Margaret K. (1998-12-01). "How to Build a Black Smoker Chimney: The Formation of Mineral Deposits At Mid-Ocean Ridges". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-07-07.
  7. ↑ ""Tracking Ocean Iron"". Chemical & Engineering News. Vol. 86 no. 35. 1 September 2008. p. 62.
  8. ↑ Astrobiology Magazine: Extremes of Eel City Retrieved 30 August 2007
  9. ↑ Botos, Sonia. "Life on a hydrothermal vent".
  10. ↑ Van Dover, Cindy Lee. "Hot Topics: Biogeography of deep-sea hydrothermal vent faunas".
  11. ↑ T. Gold: Proceedings of National Academy of Science http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/89/13/6045
  12. ↑ Gold, T. (1999). The Deep Hot Biosphere. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-95253-6.
  13. ↑ Science Magazine, Abiogenic Hydrocarbon Production at Lost City Hydrothermal Field February 2008 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/319/5863/604
  14. ↑ G. Wächtershäuser: Proceedings of National Academy of Science http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/1/200.pdf
  15. ↑ Tunnicliffe, Verena. 1991. The Biology of Hydrothermal Vents: Ecology and Evolution. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 29: 319-408.
  16. ↑ Mount Isa silica dolomite and copper orebodies; the result of a syntectonic hydrothermal alteration. http://econgeol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/79/4/601
  17. ↑ http://www.theallineed.com/ecology/06030301.htm
  18. ↑ Nautilus 2006 Press Release 03 http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Media-NewsReleases.asp?ReportID=138787&_Type=News-Releases&_Title=Nautilus-Outlines-High-Grade-Au-Cu-Seabed-Sulphide-Zone.
  19. ↑ Kermadec Deposit http://www.neptuneminerals.com/Neptune-Minerals-Kermadec.html
  20. ↑ RSC Article http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/issues/2007/january/treasuresdeep.asp

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