อ้างอิง ของ ภาษาตุรกี

  1. ↑ Katzner, Kenneth (2002). Languages of the World (Third ed.). loca: Routledge, An imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-415-25004-7. Turkish is the national language of Turkey, spoken by about 60 million people, or 90 percent of the country’s population. There are also some 750,000 speakers in Bulgaria, 150,000 in Cyprus, and 100,000 in Greece. In recent decades a large Turkish-speaking community has formed in Germany, numbering over 2 million people, and smaller ones exist in France, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, and other European countries. (90% of 2018 population would be 73 million)
  2. ↑
  3. ↑ Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.)Ethnologue Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Language Family Trees - Altaicaccessdate=2007-03-18 date=2005
  4. 1 2 Katzner
  5. ↑ UCLA International Institute, Center for World Languages Language Materials Project: Turkishaccessdate=2007-04-26 February 2007
  6. ↑ Bazin,Louis. Turcs et Sogdiens: Les Enseignements de L'Inscription de Bugut (Mongolie), Mélanges Linguistiques Offerts à Émile Benveniste.Collection Linguistique, publiée par la Société de Linguistique de Paris LXX1975 pages=37–45(ฝรั่งเศส)
  7. ↑ Alyılmaz, Cengiz. editor=Matteo, C., Paola, R., Gianroberto, S.Eran ud Aneran. Studies presented to Boris Il'ic Marsak on the occasion of his 70/th birthday|chapter=On the Bugut Inscription and Mausoleum Complexisbn=8875431051 http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/alyilmaz.htmlaccessdate=2007-06-28 year=2006 Cafoscarina Venice
  8. ↑ Ishjatms
  9. ↑ Findley
  10. ↑ Taeuber,Irene B.1958April Population and Modernization in Turkey. Population Index 24(2)110id=OCLC|41483131accessdate=2007-04-27 http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-4701%28195804%2924%3A2%3C101%3APAMIT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Z laysummary=http://www.jstor.org/journals/00324701.html%7Claysource=JSTOR
  11. ↑ Lewis (2002)
  12. ↑ Lewis (2002)
  13. ↑ Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.)Ethnologue http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tur Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Report for language code:tur (Turkish)accessdate=2007-03-18date=2005
  14. ↑ Center for Studies on Turkey, University of Essen Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association http://www.tusiad.org/haberler/basin/ab/9.pdf The European Turks: Gross Domestic Product, Working Population, Entrepreneurs and Household Data accessdate=2007-01-06date=2003
  15. ↑ TNS Opinion & SocialEuropean Commission Directorate of General Press and Communication http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf Special Eurobarometer 243 / Wave 64.3: Europeans and their Languagesaccessdate=2007-03-28date=February 2006
  16. ↑ Brendemoen, B. (1996), "Phonological Aspects of Greek-Turkish Language Contact in Trabzon", Conference on Turkish in Contact, Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study (NIAS) in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Wassenaar, 5–6 February, 1996
  17. ↑ Dilaçar, Agop (1977). "Atatürk ve Yazım". Türk Dili. 35 (307). ISSN 1301-465X. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-03-19.(ตุรกี)
  18. ↑ Coulmas, pp. 243–244
  19. ↑ Lewis (2001) และ Lewis (1953)
  20. ↑ Lewis (2001) Ch XIV
  • Findley, Carter V. (October 2004). The Turks in World History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517726-6.
  • Ishjatms, N. (1996), "Nomads In Eastern Central Asia", History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol. 2, UNESCO Publishing, ISBN 92-3-102846-4
  • Katzner, Kenneth (March 2002). Languages of the World, Third Edition. Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd.. ISBN 978-0-415-25004-7.
  • Lewis, Geoffrey (1953). Teach Yourself Turkish. English Universities Press. (2nd edition 1989
  • Lewis, Geoffrey (2001). Turkish Grammar. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-870036-9
  • Lewis, Geoffrey (2002). The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925669-1.
  • Soucek, Svat (March 2000). A History of Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-65169-1.
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