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Kahle, Paul, Masoreten des Westens: 1927, repr. 1967 and 2005
S. Morag, 'Pronunciations of Hebrew', Encyclopaedia Judaica XIII, 1120-1145
Sáenz-Badillos, Angel (1996). A History of the Hebrew Language. trans. John Elwolde. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-55634-1.
Zimmels, Ashkenazim and Sephardim: their Relations, Differences, and Problems As Reflected in the Rabbinical Responsa : London 1958 (since reprinted). ISBN 0-88125-491-6
