เชิงอรรถและอ้างอิง ของ ยุคหินกลาง_(แอฟริกา)

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 McBrearty, Sally; Brooks, Alison A. (2000). "The revolution that wasn't: A new interpretation of the origin of modern human behaviour". Journal of Human Evolution. 39: 453–563. doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0435. PMID 11102266.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Herries, A.I.R. (2011). "A chronological perspective on the Acheulian and its transition to the Middle Stone Age in southern Africa: the question of the Fauresmith". International Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2011: 1–25. doi:10.4061/2011/961401.
  3. ↑ D'Errico, Francesco; Banks, William E. (2013). "Identifying Mechanisms behind Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age Cultural Trajectories". Current Anthropology. 54 (8): 371–387. doi:10.1086/673388.
  4. ↑ "Mesolithic period", ศัพท์บัญญัติอังกฤษ-ไทย, ไทย-อังกฤษ ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (คอมพิวเตอร์) รุ่น ๑.๑ ฉบับ ๒๕๔๕, (ภูมิศาสตร์) ยุคหินกลาง
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lombard, Marlize (2012). "Thinking through the Middle Stone Age of sub-Saharan Africa". Quaternary International. 270: 140–155. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.033.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Marean, Curtis W; Assefa, Zelalem (2004). Stahl, Ann B (บ.ก.). The Middle and Upper Pleistocene African Record for the Biological and Behavioral Origins of Modern Humans. African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 93–129.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
  7. 1 2 Ambrose, Stanley H (2001). "Paleolithic Technology and Human Evolution". Science. 291: 1748–1753. doi:10.1126/science.1059487. PMID 11249821.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Tryon, Christopher A.; Faith, Tyler (2013). "Variability in the Middle Stone Age of Eastern Africa". Current Anthropology. 54 (8): 234–254. doi:10.1086/673752.
  9. ↑ Brooks, A. S. (2006). Recent perspectives on the Middle Stone Age of Africa. African Genesis Symposium on Hominid Evolution in Africa. Johannesburg.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  10. ↑ Barham, Lawrence (2002). "Backed tools in Middle Pleistocene central Africa and their evolutionary significance". Journal of Human Evolution. 43: 585–603. doi:10.1006/jhev.2002.0597.
  11. ↑ Deino, Alan L.; McBrearty, Sally (2002). "40Ar/(39)Ar dating of the Kapthurin Formation, Baringo, Kenya". Journal of Human Evolution. 42 (1–2): 185–210. doi:10.1006/jhev.2001.0517. PMID 11795974.
  12. ↑ Shea, John (2011). "Homo sapiens is as Homo sapiens was". Current Anthropology. 52: 1–35. doi:10.1086/658067.
  13. ↑ Porat, Naomi; Chazan, Michael; Grün, Rainer; Aubert, Maxime; Eisenman, Vera; Kolska Horwitz, Liora (2010). "New radiometric ages for the Fauresmith industry from Kathu Pan, southern Africa: Implications for the Earlier to Middle Stone Age transition". Journal of Archaeological Science. 37: 269–283. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.038.
  14. ↑ Rigaud, Jean-Phillipe; Texier, Pierre-Jean; Parkington, John; Poggenpoel, Cedric (2006). "Le mobilier Stillbay et Howiesons Poort de l'abri Diepkloof: La chronologie du Middle Stone Age sud-africain et ses implications". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 5 (6): 839–849. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2006.02.003.
  15. 1 2 Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Schoville, Benjamin J.; Oestmo, Simen; Fisher, Erich C.; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Matthews, Thalassa (2012). "An early and enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago in South Africa". Nature. 491: 590–593. doi:10.1038/nature11660. PMID 23135405.
  16. ↑ D'Errico, Francesco; Vanhaeren, Marian; Wadley, Lyn (2008). "Possible shell beads from the Middle Stone Age layers of Sibudu Cave, South Africa". Journal of Archaeological Science. 35 (10): 2675–2685. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.023.
  17. 1 2 3 Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa". Journal of Archaeological Science. 35: 1566–1580. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006.
  18. 1 2 3 Wadley, L; Hodgskiss, T; Grant, M (2009). "Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106: 9590–9594. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900957106. PMC 2700998. PMID 19433786.
  19. ↑ Anton, Susan C.; Potts, Richard; Aeillo, Leslie C. (2014). "Evolution of early Homo: An integrated biological perspective". Science. 345: 45–59. doi:10.1126/science.1236828.
  20. ↑ Mellers, Paul (2006). "A new radiocarbon revolution and the dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia". Nature. 439: 931–935. doi:10.1038/nature04521. PMID 16495989.
  21. 1 2 Manica, Andrea; Amos, William; Balloux, Francois; Hanihara, Tsunehiko (2007). "The effect of ancient population bottlenecks on human phenotypic variation". Nature. 448: 346–348. doi:10.1038/nature05951. PMC 1978547. PMID 17637668.
  22. 1 2 3 4 Henshilwood, Christopher S.; d'Errico, Francesco; Marean, Curtis W.; Milo, Richard G.; Yates, Royden (2001). "An early bone tool industry from the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa: implications for the origins of modern human behaviour, symbolism and language". Journal of Human Evolution. 41: 631–678. doi:10.1006/jhev.2001.0515. PMID 11782112.
  23. ↑ Klein, R. G. (2000). "Archaeology and the evolution of human behavior". Evolutionary Anthropology. 9: 17–36. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(2000)9:1<17::aid-evan3>3.0.co;2-a.
  24. ↑ ในงานปี 2560 การหาอายุของเครื่องมือหินในชั้นตะกอนเดียวกับซากดึกดำบรรพ์มนุษย์ Homo sapiens ที่เก่าแก่ที่สุด ณ โบราณสถาน Jebel Irhoud ประเทศโมร็อกโก ได้ใช้เทคนิค thermoluminescence ซึ่งสามารถหาเวลาที่ผ่านไปหลังจากเผาแร่ผลึกในเครื่องมือหินเป็นครั้งสุดท้าย โดยได้อายุต่าง ๆ 14 รายการ(ดู "World's oldest Homo sapiens fossils found in Morocco". Science Magazine. 2017-06-07.)ซึ่งมีค่าเฉลี่ยถ่วงน้ำหนักที่ 315,000 ± 34,000 ปี(ดู doi:10.1038/nature22335
    This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by hand Abstract)เทียบกับอายุราว 195,000 ปีของซาก Omo remains โดยเพิ่มอายุเก่าแก่ที่สุดของซากมนุษย์ที่เคยขุดพบราว 100,000 ปี จาก 200,000 ปี เป็น 300,000 ปี ดู
  25. ↑ Hogsberg, Anders; Larsson, Lars (2011). "Lithic technology and behavioural modernity: New results from the Still Bay site, Hollow Rock Shelter, Western Cape Province, South Africa". Journal of Human Evolution. 61: 133–155. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.02.006. PMID 21470660.
  26. ↑ Lombard, Marlize (2012). "Thinking through the Middle Stone Age of sub-Saharan Africa". Quaternary International. 270: 140–155. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.033.
  27. ↑ Marean, Curtis W.; Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Fisher, Erich; Goldberg, Paul; Herries, Andy I. R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Jerardino, Antonieta; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Minichillo, Tom; Nilssen, Peter J.; Thompson, Erin; Watts, Ian; Williams, Hope M. (2007). "Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene". Nature. 449: 905–908. doi:10.1038/nature06204. PMID 17943129.
  28. ↑ Milo, R. G. (1998). "Evidence for hominid predation at Klasies River Mouth, South Africa, and its implications for the behavior of early modern humans". Journal of Archaeological Science. 25: 99–133. doi:10.1006/jasc.1997.0233.
  29. ↑ Deacon, H. J. (2001). Tobias, PV; Raath, MA; Maggi-Cecchi, J; Doyle, GA (บ.ก.). Modern human emergence: an African archaeological perspective. Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia: Colloquia in Human Biology and Palaeoanthropology. Florence: Florence University Press. pp. 217–226.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
  30. ↑ Wynn, Thomas (2009). "Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (24): 9544–9545. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904369106. PMC 2701010. PMID 19506246.
  31. ↑ Watts, I (2002). "Ochre in the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa: ritualized display or hide preservative?". South African Archaeological Bulletin. 57: 64–74.
  32. ↑ Barham, L. S. (2002). "Systematic pigment use in the Middle Pleistocene of south central Africa". Current Anthropology. 43 (1): 181–190. doi:10.1086/338292.
  33. 1 2 Henshilwood, C. S.; d'Errico, F.; Marean, C.; Milo, R.; Yates, R. (2001). "An early bone tool industry from the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa: implications for the origins of modern human behaviour, symbolism and language". Journal of Human Evolution. 41: 631–678. doi:10.1006/jhev.2001.0515. PMID 11782112.
  34. ↑ Yellen, J.E.; Brooks, A.S.; Cornelissen, E.; Mehlman, M.J.; Stewart, K. (1995). "A Middle Stone Age worked bone industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire". Science. 268: 553–556. doi:10.1126/science.7725100. PMID 7725100.
  35. ↑ Brooks, A.S.; Helgren, D.M.; Cramer, J.S.; Franklin, A.; Hornyak, W.; Keating, J.M.; Klein, R.G.; Rink, W.J.; Schwarcz, H.; Smith, J.N.L.; Stewart, K.; Todd, N.E.; Verniers, J.; Yellen, J.E. (1995). "Dating and Context of Three Middle Stone Age Sites with Bone Points in the Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire". Science. 268: 548–553. doi:10.1126/science.7725099.
  36. 1 2 Marwick, Ben (2003). "Pleistocene Exchange Networks as Evidence for the Evolution of Language". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 13 (1): 67–81. doi:10.1017/s0959774303000040.
  37. ↑ Barham, Lawrence (2001). Barham, Lawrence; Robson-Brown, Kate (บ.ก.). Central Africa and the emergence of regional identity in the Middle Pleistocene. Human Roots: Africa and Asia in the Middle Pleistocene. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press. pp. 65–80.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
  38. ↑ Richerson, P.; Boyd, R. (1998). The Pleistocene and the origins of human culture: built for speed. 5th Biannual Symposium on the Science of Behaviour: Behaviour, Evolution and Culture. University of Guadalajara, Mexico.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  39. ↑ Rappaport, R. A. (1999). Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  40. ↑ Bickerton, D (2003). Christiansen, MH; Kirby, S (บ.ก.). Symbol and structure: A comprehensive framework for language evolution. Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 77–93.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
  41. ↑ Holloway, R.L. (1996). Locke, A; Peters, C (บ.ก.). Evolution of the human brain. Handbook of Human Symbolic Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 74–116.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
  42. ↑ Gabora, L (2001). Cognitive mechanisms underlying the origin and evolution of culture (PHD). Brussels, Belgium: Center Leo Apostel For interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  43. ↑ Skoyles, JR; Sagan, D (2002). Up from Dragons: The evolution of intelligence. McGraw-Hill.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  44. ↑ "Moroccan fossil find rearranges Homo sapiens family tree". phys.org. 2017-06-08.
  45. ↑ Henshilwood, Christopher S.; Dubreuil, Benoit (2011). "The Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, 77-59 ka: Symbolic Material Culture and the Evolution of the Mind during the African Middle Stone Age". Current Anthropology. 52: 361–400. doi:10.1086/660022.