อ้างอิง ของ เอดส์

  1. ↑ "What Are HIV and AIDS? | HIV.gov". www.hiv.gov (in อังกฤษ). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 September 2017.
  2. ↑ Mandell, Bennett, and Dolan (2010). Chapter 121.
  3. ↑ "HIV Classification: CDC and WHO Staging Systems | AIDS Education and Training Centers National Coordinating Resource Center (AETC NCRC)". aidsetc.org (in อังกฤษ). AIDS Education and Training Center Program. สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 September 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  5. ↑
  6. ↑
  7. 1 2 3 "Global summary of the AIDS epidemic 2016" (PDF). UNAIDS. UNAIDS. June 2017. สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 September 2017.
  8. ↑ ศัพท์บัญญัติราชบัณฑิตยสถาน. เรียกข้อมูลวันที่ 19 กพ. 2552.
  9. ↑ World Health Organization (1990). "Interim proposal for a WHO staging system for HIV infection and disease". WHO Wkly Epidem. Rec. 65 (29): 221–228. PMID 1974812.
  10. 1 2 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (1982). "Persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy among homosexual males". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 31 (19): 249–251. PMID 6808340.
  11. 1 2 Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F; และคณะ (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–871. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ "1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults". CDC. 1992. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-02-09.
  13. 1 2 Kumaranayake L, Watts C (2001). "Resource allocation and priority setting of HIV/AIDS interventions: addressing the generalized epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa". J. Int. Dev. 13 (4): 451–466. doi:10.1002/jid.798.
  14. ↑ Weber B (2006). "Screening of HIV infection: role of molecular and immunological assays". Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 6 (3): 399–411. doi:10.1586/14737159.6.3.399. PMID 16706742.
  15. ↑ eMedicine - HIV Infection (Pediatrics: General Medicine)
  16. ↑ Tóth FD, Bácsi A, Beck Z, Szabó J (2001). "Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus". Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 48 (3–4): 413–27. doi:10.1556/AMicr.48.2001.3-4.10. PMID 11791341.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ Smith DK, Grohskopf LA, Black RJ; และคณะ (2005). "Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection-Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV in the United States". MMWR. 54 (RR02): 1–20. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-03-31.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Donegan E, Stuart M, Niland JC; และคณะ (1990). "Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among recipients of antibody-positive blood donations". Ann. Intern. Med. 113 (10): 733–739. PMID 2240875.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ Coovadia H (2004). "Antiretroviral agents—how best to protect infants from HIV and save their mothers from AIDS". N. Engl. J. Med. 351 (3): 289–292. doi:10.1056/NEJMe048128. PMID 15247337.
  20. ↑ Kaplan EH, Heimer R (1995). "HIV incidence among New Haven needle exchange participants: updated estimates from syringe tracking and testing data". J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 10 (2): 175–176. PMID 7552482.
  21. ↑ Bell DM (1997). "Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: an overview". Am. J. Med. 102 (5B): 9–15. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(97)89441-7. PMID 9845490.
  22. 1 2 3 4 European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV (1992). "Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples". BMJ. 304 (6830): 809–813. doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6830.809. PMC 1881672. PMID 1392708.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Varghese B, Maher JE, Peterman TA, Branson BM,Steketee RW (2002). "Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use". Sex. Transm. Dis. 29 (1): 38–43. PMID 11773877.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ↑ Leynaert B, Downs AM, de Vincenzi I (1998). "Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: variability of infectivity throughout the course of infection. European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV". Am. J. Epidemiol. 148 (1): 88–96. PMID 9663408.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ↑ "Facts about AIDS & HIV". avert.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-11-30.
  26. ↑ Johnson AM, Laga M (1988). "Heterosexual transmission of HIV". AIDS. 2 (suppl. 1): S49–S56. doi:10.1097/00002030-198800001-00008. PMC 2545554. PMID 3130121.
  27. ↑ N'Galy B, Ryder RW (1988). "Epidemiology of HIV infection in Africa". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 1 (6): 551–558. PMID 3225742.
  28. ↑ Deschamps MM, Pape JW, Hafner A, Johnson WD Jr. (1996). "Heterosexual transmission of HIV in Haiti". Annals of Internal Medicine. 125 (4): 324–330. PMID 8678397.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ↑ Cayley WE Jr. (2004). "Effectiveness of condoms in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV". Am. Fam. Physician. 70 (7): 1268–1269. PMID 15508535.
  30. ↑ "Module 5/Guidelines for Educators" (Microsoft Word). Durex. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-04-17.[ลิงก์เสีย]
  31. ↑ Weiss HA (2007). "Male circumcision as a preventive measure against HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases". Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 20 (1): 66–72. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328011ab73. PMID 17197884. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  32. ↑ Mcallister RG, Travis JW, Bollinger D, Rutiser C, Sundar V (Fall 2008). "The cost to circumcise Africa". International Journal of Men's Health. Men's Studies Press. 7 (3): 307–316. doi:10.3149/jmh.0703.307. Unknown parameter |isn= ignored (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ↑ Eaton LA, Kalichman S (2007). "Risk compensation in HIV prevention: implications for vaccines, microbicides, and other biomedical HIV prevention technologies". Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 4 (4): 165–72. doi:10.1007/s11904-007-0024-7. PMID 18366947. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  34. ↑ Mattson, C.L. (2008). "Risk compensation is not associated with male circumcision in Kisumu, Kenya: a multi-faceted assessment of men enrolled in a randomized controlled trial". PLoS One. 3 (6): e2443. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002443. PMC 2409966. PMID 18560581. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  35. ↑ "Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health-care settings". MMWR. 36 (Suppl 2): 1S–18S. 1987. PMID 3112554. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  36. ↑ Kerr T, Kimber J, Debeck K, Wood E (2007). "The role of safer injection facilities in the response to HIV/AIDS among injection drug users". Current HIV/AIDS Reports. 4 (4): 158–64. doi:10.1007/s11904-007-0023-8. PMID 18366946. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ↑ Wodak A, Cooney A (2006). "Do needle syringe programs reduce HIV infection among injecting drug users: a comprehensive review of the international evidence". Substance Use & Misuse. 41 (6–7): 777–813. doi:10.1080/10826080600669579. PMID 16809167.
  38. ↑ WHO HIV and Infant Feeding Technical Consultation (2006). "Consensus statement" (PDF). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-03-12.
  39. ↑ Lakhanpal, M, Ram, R (2008). Educational attainment and HIV/AIDS prevalence: A cross-country study. Economics of Education Review, 27, 14-21; Rindermann, H, Meisenberg, G (2009). Relevance of education and intelligence at the national level for health: The case of HIV and AIDS. Intelligence, 37, 383-395.
  40. ↑ Hamlyn E, Easterbrook P (2007). "Occupational exposure to HIV and the use of post-exposure prophylaxis". Occup Med (Lond). 57 (5): 329–36. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqm046. PMID 17656498. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  41. ↑ "A Pocket Guide to Adult HIV/AIDS Treatment February 2006 edition". Department of Health and Human Services. 2006. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-09-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  42. ↑ "A Pocket Guide to Adult HIV/AIDS Treatment February 2006 edition". Department of Health and Human Services. 2006. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-09-01. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  43. ↑
  44. ↑ "Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection" (PDF). Department of Health and Human Services Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children. 2005-11-03. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-01-17.
  45. ↑ "Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents" (PDF). Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV Infection. 2005-10-06. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-01-17.
  46. ↑ Martinez-Picado J, DePasquale MP, Kartsonis N; และคณะ (2000). "Antiretroviral resistance during successful therapy of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 (20): 10948–10953. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.20.10948. PMC 27129. PMID 11005867.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  47. ↑ Dybul M, Fauci AS, Bartlett JG, Kaplan JE, Pau AK; Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV. (2002). "Guidelines for using antiretroviral agents among HIV-infected adults and adolescents". Ann. Intern. Med. 137 (5 Pt 2): 381–433. PMID 12617573.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ↑ Blankson JN, Persaud D, Siliciano RF (2002). "The challenge of viral reservoirs in HIV-1 infection". Annu. Rev. Med. 53: 557–593. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104024. PMID 11818490.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  49. ↑ Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, Aschman DJ, Holmberg SD (1998). "Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (13): 853–860. doi:10.1056/NEJM199803263381301. PMID 9516219.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  50. ↑ Wood E, Hogg RS, Yip B, Harrigan PR, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS (2003). "Is there a baseline CD4 cell count that precludes a survival response to modern antiretroviral therapy?". AIDS. 17 (5): 711–720. doi:10.1097/00002030-200303280-00009. PMID 12646794.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  51. ↑ Chene G, Sterne JA, May M, Costagliola D, Ledergerber B, Phillips AN, Dabis F, Lundgren J, D'Arminio Monforte A, de Wolf F, Hogg R, Reiss P, Justice A, Leport C, Staszewski S, Gill J, Fatkenheuer G, Egger ME and the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (2003). "Prognostic importance of initial response in HIV-1 infected patients starting potent antiretroviral therapy: analysis of prospective studies". Lancet. 362 (9385): 679–686. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (03) 14229-8 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 12957089.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  52. 1 2 3
  53. ↑ King JT, Justice AC, Roberts MS, Chang CH, Fusco JS and the CHORUS Program Team (2003). "Long-Term HIV/AIDS Survival Estimation in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era". Medical Decision Making. 23 (1): 9–20. doi:10.1177/0272989X02239652. PMID 12583451.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  54. ↑ Tassie JM, Grabar S, Lancar R, Deloumeaux J, Bentata M, Costagliola D and the Clinical Epidemiology Group from the French Hospital Database on HIV (2002). "Time to AIDS from 1992 to 1999 in HIV-1-infected subjects with known date of infection". Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes. 30 (1): 81–7. doi:10.1097/00126334-200205010-00011. PMID 12048367.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  55. ↑ Becker SL, Dezii CM, Burtcel B, Kawabata H, Hodder S. (2002). "Young HIV-infected adults are at greater risk for medication nonadherence". MedGenMed. 4 (3): 21. PMID 12466764.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  56. ↑ Nieuwkerk P, Sprangers M, Burger D, Hoetelmans RM, Hugen PW, Danner SA, van Der Ende ME, Schneider MM, Schrey G, Meenhorst PL, Sprenger HG, Kauffmann RH, Jambroes M, Chesney MA, de Wolf F, Lange JM and the ATHENA Project (2001). "Limited Patient Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection in an Observational Cohort Study". Arch. Intern. Med. 161 (16): 1962–1968. doi:10.1001/archinte.161.16.1962. PMID 11525698.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  57. ↑ Kleeberger C, Phair J, Strathdee S, Detels R, Kingsley L, Jacobson LP (2001). "Determinants of Heterogeneous Adherence to HIV-Antiretroviral Therapies in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study". J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 26 (1): 82–92. PMID 11176272.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  58. ↑ Heath KV, Singer J, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS, Hogg RS (2002). "Intentional Nonadherence Due to Adverse Symptoms Associated With Antiretroviral Therapy". J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 31 (2): 211–217. PMID 12394800.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  59. 1 2 Burgoyne RW, Tan DH (2008). "Prolongation and quality of life for HIV-infected adults treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) : a balancing act". J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61 (3): 469–73. doi:10.1093/jac/dkm499. PMID 18174196. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  60. ↑ http://www.khaosod.co.th/view_newsonline.php?newsid=TVRNMk16WXpNalU0TXc9PQ==&sectionid=
  61. ↑ http://www.komchadluek.net/detail/20130315/153948/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94.html#.UUQd2kqbUY9
  62. 1 2 3 UNAIDS, WHO (2007). "2007 AIDS epidemic update" (PDF). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-03-12. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  63. ↑ Zwahlen M, Egger M (2006). "Progression and mortality of untreated HIV-positive individuals living in resource-limited settings: update of literature review and evidence synthesis" (PDF). UNAIDS Obligation HQ/05/422204. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-03-19.
  64. ↑ Knoll B, Lassmann B, Temesgen Z (2007). "Current status of HIV infection: a review for non-HIV-treating physicians". Int J Dermatol. 46 (12): 1219–28. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03520.x. PMID 18173512. Unknown parameter |doi_brokendate= ignored (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  65. 1 2 Lawn SD (2004). "AIDS in Africa: the impact of coinfections on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection". J. Infect. Dis. 48 (1): 1–12. PMID 14667787.
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  73. ↑ PMID 17086056 (PubMed)
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  74. ↑
  75. ↑
  76. ↑
  77. ↑ PMID 19106702 (PubMed)
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  78. ↑ AIDS Patients Now Living Longer, But Aging Faster
  79. ↑ "Tuberculosis". World Health Organization (WHO).
  80. 1 2 Kallings LO (2008). "The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS". J Intern Med. 263 (3): 218–43. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x. PMID 18205765.
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  88. ↑ Hooper E (1999). The River : A Journey to the Source of HIV and AIDS (1st ed.). Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co. pp. 1–1070. ISBN 0-316-37261-7.
  89. ↑ Worobey M, Santiago ML, Keele BF; และคณะ (2004). "Origin of AIDS: contaminated polio vaccine theory refuted". Nature. 428 (6985): 820. doi:10.1038/428820a. PMID 15103367.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
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  91. ↑ "Oral Polio Vaccine and HIV / AIDS: Questions and Answers". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004-03-23. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-11-20.
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  94. ↑ Weniger B. et al. (1991). Ibid.
  95. ↑ Duesberg PH (1988). "HIV is not the cause of AIDS". Science. 241 (4865): 514, 517. doi:10.1126/science.3399880. PMID 3399880.
  96. ↑ Papadopulos-Eleopulos E, Turner VF, Papadimitriou J; และคณะ (2004). "A critique of the Montagnier evidence for the HIV/AIDS hypothesis". Med Hypotheses. 63 (4): 597–601. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.03.025. PMID 15325002.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  97. ↑ ดูตัวอย่างหลักฐานข้อสรุปทางวิทยาศาสตร์ที่สรุปว่าเอชไอวีเป็นสาเหตุของเอดส์ได้ที่
  98. ↑ Smith TC, Novella SP (2007). "HIV denial in the Internet era". PLoS Med. 4 (8): e256. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040256. PMC 1949841. PMID 17713982.
  99. ↑ Chigwedere P, Seage GR, Gruskin S, Lee TH, Essex M (2008). "Estimating the Lost Benefits of Antiretroviral Drug Use in South Africa". Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 49: 410. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31818a6cd5. PMID 18931626. Lay summary. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  100. ↑ Baleta A (2003). "S Africa's AIDS activists accuse government of murder". Lancet. 361 (9363): 1105. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (03) 12909-1 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 12672319.
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