อ้างอิง ของ แบคทีเรียดื้อยา

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  7. ↑ Berkeley.edu. "Mutations are random". University of California Museum of Paleontology. สืบค้นเมื่อ 19 February, 2018. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  8. 1 2 3 "About Antimicrobial Resistance". www.cdc.gov. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-10-30.
  9. 1 2 Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences (PDF). Stockholm: Public Health Agency of Sweden. 2014. pp. 16–17, 121–128. ISBN 978-91-7603-011-0.
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  19. ↑ "Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance" (PDF). The World Health Organization. April 2014. ISBN 978 92 4 156474 8. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 June 2016.
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  22. ↑ Caldwell & Lindberg 2011.
  23. ↑ Hawkey & Jones 2009, pp. i3-i10.
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  26. ↑ Ferber D (4 January 2002). "Livestock Feed Ban Preserves Drugs' Power". Science. 295 (5552): 27–28. doi:10.1126/science.295.5552.27a. PMID 11778017.(ต้องรับบริการ)
  27. ↑ Mathew AG, Cissell R, Liamthong S (2007). "Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with food animals: a United States perspective of livestock production". Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 4 (2): 115–33. doi:10.1089/fpd.2006.0066. PMID 17600481.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  28. ↑ "Pharmaceuticals Sold In Sweden Cause Serious Environmental Harm In India, Research Shows". ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, LLC. 7 February 2009. สืบค้นเมื่อ 29 January 2015. We estimated that the[water] treatment plant released 45 kilograms of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in one day, which is equivalent to five times the daily consumption of Sweden,”
  29. ↑ Larsson DG, Fick J (Jan 2009). "Transparency throughout the production chain – a way to reduce pollution from the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals?". Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 53 (3): 161–3. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.01.008. PMID 19545507.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  30. ↑ CDC. "Antibiotic Resistance Questions and Answers" [Are antibacterial-containing products (soaps, household cleaners, etc.) better for preventing the spread of infection? Does their use add to the problem of resistance?]. Atlanta, Georgia, USA.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. สืบค้นเมื่อ February 25, 2015.
  31. ↑ Allison E. Aiello; Elaine L. Larson; Stuart B. Levy (2007). "Consumer Antibacterial Soaps: Effective or Just Risky?". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 45 (Supplement 2): S137–47. doi:10.1086/519255. PMID 17683018.
  32. ↑ Kodjak A (2 September 2016). "FDA Bans 19 Chemicals Used In Antibacterial Soaps". NPR. สืบค้นเมื่อ 24 October 2017.
  33. ↑ Pechère JC (September 2001). "Patients' interviews and misuse of antibiotics". Clin. Infect. Dis. 33 Suppl 3: S170–3. doi:10.1086/321844. PMID 11524715. Noncompliance may have an impact on antibiotic resistance ... Type A consists in shorter than prescribed courses. By reducing the antibiotic pressure, provided that the daily doses are otherwise respected, one may see a theoretical advantage ... Type B noncompliance reduces the number of daily doses ... indicate that such underdosing may promote the selection of resistance
  34. ↑ Arnold SR, Straus SE (2005). Arnold, Sandra R, ed. "Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in ambulatory care". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD003539. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003539.pub2. PMID 16235325.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  35. ↑ Ventola, C. Lee. "The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats." Pharmacy and Therapeutics 40.4 (2015): 277.
  36. ↑ McNulty CA, Boyle P, Nichols T, Clappison P, Davey P (August 2007). "The public's attitudes to and compliance with antibiotics". J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 60 Suppl 1: i63–8. doi:10.1093/jac/dkm161. PMID 17656386.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  37. ↑ Ronald Eccles; Olaf Weber, eds. (2009). Common cold (Online-Ausg. ed.). Basel: Birkhäuser. p. 234. ISBN 978-3-7643-9894-1.
  38. ↑ Costelloe C, Metcalfe C, Lovering A, Mant D, Hay AD (2010). "Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis". British Medical Journal. 340: c2096. doi:10.1136/bmj.c2096. PMID 20483949.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  39. ↑ Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a Crises for the Health and Welfare of Nations: 2014. Jim O'Neill Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE. 11 December 2014.(ต้องรับบริการ)
  40. ↑ Li JZ, Winston LG, Moore DH, Bent S (September 2007). "Efficacy of short-course antibiotic regimens for community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis". Am. J. Med. 120 (9): 783–90. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.04.023. PMID 17765048.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  41. ↑ Runyon BA, McHutchison JG, Antillon MR, Akriviadis EA, Montano AA (June 1991). "Short-course versus long-course antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A randomized controlled study of 100 patients". Gastroenterology. 100 (6): 1737–42. PMID 2019378.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  42. ↑ Singh N, Rogers P, Atwood CW, Wagener MM, Yu VL (1 August 2000). "Short-course Empiric Antibiotic Therapy for Patients with Pulmonary Infiltrates in the Intensive Care Unit A Proposed Solution for Indiscriminate Antibiotic Prescription". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162 (2): 505–511. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.2.9909095. PMID 10934078.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  43. ↑ Gleisner AL, Argenta R, Pimentel M, Simon TK, Jungblut CF, Petteffi L, de Souza RM, Sauerssig M, Kruel CD, Machado AR (30 April 2004). "Infective complications according to duration of antibiotic treatment in acute abdomen". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 8 (3): 155–162. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2003.06.003. PMID 15109590.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  44. ↑ Pichichero ME, Cohen R (1997). "Shortened course of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media, sinusitis and tonsillopharyngitis". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 16 (7): 680–95. doi:10.1097/00006454-199707000-00011. PMID 9239773.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  45. ↑ Dellinger EP, Wertz MJ, Lennard ES, Oreskovich MR (1986). "Efficacy of Short-Course Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Penetrating Intestinal Injury". Archives of Surgery. 121 (1): 23–30. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1986.01400010029002. PMID 3942496.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  46. ↑ Perez-Gorricho B, Ripoll M (2003). "Does short-course antibiotic therapy better meet patient expectations?". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 21 (3): 222–8. doi:10.1016/S0924-8579(02)00360-6. PMID 12636982.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  47. ↑ Keren R, Chan E (2002). "A Meta-analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials Comparing Short- and Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Children". Pediatrics. 109 (5): E70–0. doi:10.1542/peds.109.5.e70. PMID 11986476.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  48. ↑ McCormack J, Allan GM (2012). "A prescription for improving antibiotic prescribing in primary care". British Medical Journal. 344: d7955. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7955. PMID 22302779.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  49. ↑ Marc Bonten, MD; Eijkman-Winkler Institute for Medical Microbiology, Utrecht, the Netherland | Infectious Diseases, and Inflammation Archived 17 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  50. ↑ Tacconelli E, De Angelis G, Cataldo MA, Pozzi E, Cauda R (January 2008). "Does antibiotic exposure increase the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation? A systematic review and meta-analysis". J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61 (1): 26–38. doi:10.1093/jac/dkm416. PMID 17986491.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  51. ↑ Muto CA, Jernigan JA, Ostrowsky BE, Richet HM, Jarvis WR, Boyce JM, Farr BM (May 2003). "SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus" (PDF). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 24 (5): 362–86. doi:10.1086/502213. PMID 12785411.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  52. ↑ Vonberg, Dr Ralf-Peter. "Clostridium difficile: a challenge for hospitals". European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology: IHE. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 July 2009.
  53. ↑ Kuijper EJ, van Dissel JT, Wilcox MH (Aug 2007). "Clostridium difficile: changing epidemiology and new treatment options". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 20 (4): 376–83. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32818be71d. PMID 17609596. (Subscription required (help)).CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  54. ↑ Thomas JK, Forrest A, Bhavnani SM, Hyatt JM, Cheng A, Ballow CH, Schentag JJ (March 1998). "Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Factors Associated with the Development of Bacterial Resistance in Acutely Ill Patients during Therapy". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42 (3): 521–7. PMC 105492. PMID 9517926.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  55. ↑ Girou E, Legrand P, Soing-Altrach S, Lemire A, Poulain C, Allaire A, Tkoub-Scheirlinck L, Chai SH, Dupeyron C, Loche CM (October 2006). "Association between hand hygiene compliance and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in a French rehabilitation hospital". Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 27 (10): 1128–30. doi:10.1086/507967. PMID 17006822.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) (ต้องรับบริการ)
  56. ↑ "Antibiotic resistance". World Health Organization.
  57. ↑ "1.6.7". Access online: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health. www.oie.int. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-11-14.
  58. ↑ "1.6.8". Access online: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health. www.oie.int. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-11-14.
  59. ↑ "1.6.9". Access online: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health. www.oie.int. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-11-14.
  60. 1 2 3 Wright GD (October 2010). "Antibiotic resistance in the environment: a link to the clinic?". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 13 (5): 589–94. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.08.005. PMID 20850375.(ต้องรับบริการ)
  61. ↑ D'Costa, Vanessa; King, Christine; Kalan, Lindsay; Morar, Mariya; Sung, Wilson; Schwarz, Carsten; Froese, Duane; Zazula, Grant; Calmels, Fabrice; Debruyne, Regis; Golding, G. Brian; Poinar, Hendrik N.; Wright, Gerard D. (September 2011). "Antibiotic resistance is ancient". Nature. 477 (7365): 457–461. Bibcode:2011Natur.477..457D. doi:10.1038/nature10388. PMID 21881561.
  62. ↑ Pawlowski, Andrew C; Wang, Wenliang; Koteva, Kalinka; Barton, Hazel; McArthur, Andrew G; Wright, Gerard D (December 2016). "A diverse intrinsic antibiotic resistome from a cave bacterium". Nature Communications. 7: 1–10. Bibcode:2016NatCo...713803P. doi:10.1038/ncomms13803. PMID 27929110.
  63. ↑ "Mutations are random". University of California. สืบค้นเมื่อ Aug 14, 2011.
  64. ↑ Richard William Nelson. Darwin, Then and Now: The Most Amazing Story in the History of Science, i Universe, 2009, p. 294
  65. ↑ Kiser, J.S.; Gale, G.O.; Kemp, G.A. (1970). "3.2 Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents: Evolution of Drug Resistance". Advances in Applied Microbiology. 11. Academic Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-08-056425-8.
  66. ↑ Pollock MR (1967). "Origin and function of penicillinase: a problem in biochemical evolution". British Medical Journal. 4 (5571): 71–7. doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5571.71. PMC 1748446. PMID 4963324.(ต้องรับบริการ)
  67. 1 2 "Some bacteria choose to live in a pool of penicillin". New Scientist. 54 (799): 546. 8 June 1972.
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  71. ↑ Levy, Stuart B. (2002-01-01). "Factors impacting on the problem of antibiotic resistance". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 49 (1): 25–30. doi:10.1093/jac/49.1.25. ISSN 0305-7453. PMID 11751763.
  72. ↑ Marti, Elisabet; Variatza, Eleni; Balcazar, Jose Luis (2014-01-01). "The role of aquatic ecosystems as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance". Trends in Microbiology. 22 (1): 36–41. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2013.11.001. ISSN 0966-842X. PMID 24289955.
  73. 1 2 Martinez, J. L., & Olivares, J. (2012). Envrionmental Pollution By Antibiotic Resistance Genes. In P. L. Keen, & M. H. Montforts, Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment (pp. 151- 171). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  74. ↑ Walsh, Timothy R; Weeks, Janis; Livermore, David M; Toleman, Mark A. "Dissemination of NDM-1 positive bacteria in the New Delhi environment and its implications for human health: an environmental point prevalence study". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 11 (5): 355–362. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70059-7.
  75. 1 2 Araya, Pablo (May 2016). "The Impact of Water and Sanitation on Diarrhoeal Disease Burden and Over-Consumption of Anitbiotics" (PDF). สืบค้นเมื่อ November 12, 2017.
  76. ↑ Rose JM, Gast RJ, Bogomolni A, Ellis JC, Lentell BJ, Touhey K, Moore M (2009). "Occurrence and patterns of antibiotic resistance in vertebrates off the Northeastern United States coast". FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 67 (3): 421–31. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00648.x. PMID 19187217.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  77. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). "Healthy Living". สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 July, 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  78. ↑ Lee, J. H.; Park, K. S.; Karim, A. M.; Lee, C.-R.; Lee, S. H. (2016). "How to minimise antibiotic resistance". Lancet Infect. Dis. (in อังกฤษ). 16 (1): 17–18. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00467-3. PMID 26738826.

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