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1 2 Kreith, l Frank; D. Yogi Goswami (2005). The CRC Handbook Of Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Ed. CRC Press. pp. 5.5–5.6. ISBN 0849308666.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Glisson, Tildon H. (2011). Introduction to Circuit Analysis and Design. USA: Springer. pp. 114–116. ISBN 9048194423.
↑ Eccles, William J. (2011). Pragmatic Electrical Engineering: Fundamentals. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. pp. 4–5. ISBN 1608456684.
↑ Traylor, Roger L. (2008). "Calculating Power Dissipation" (PDF). Lecture Notes - ECE112:Circuit Theory. Dept. of Elect. and Computer Eng., Oregon State Univ. สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 October 2012.
1 2 3 Jamid, Housain A. (2008). "Class Notes, Class 2, p.5" (PDF). EE 201: Electric Circuits. Open Courseware, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia. สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 October 2012. External link in |publisher= (help)
↑ Shattuck, Dave (2011). "Set #5 - Introduction to Circuit Analysis" (PPT). ECE 1100: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering. Cullen College of Engineering, Univ. of Houston. สืบค้นเมื่อ March 25, 2013. External link in |publisher= (help), p. 17
1 2 Prasad, Shalini (2010). "Basic Concepts Overview" (PDF). Class notes ECE 221: Electric Circuit Analysis. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State Univ. สืบค้นเมื่อ March 25, 2013., p.13-16
1 2 3 O'Malley, John (1992). Schaum's Outline of Basic Circuit Analysis, 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 2–4. ISBN 0070478244.
1 2 3 4 5 Kumar, K. S. Suresh (2008). Electric Circuits & Networks. Pearson Education India. pp. 26–28. ISBN 8131713903.

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