อ้างอิง ของ ชิรก์_(อิสลาม)

  1. ↑ Nonbelief: An Islamic Perspective
  2. 1 2 Kamoonpuri, S: "Basic Beliefs of Islam" pages 42–58. Tanzania Printers Limited, 2001.
  3. ↑ Gimaret, D. (2012). "S̲h̲irk". ใน P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (บ.ก.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6965.
  4. ↑ Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (2003-01-01). The New Encyclopedia of Islam (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Rowman Altamira. p. 429. ISBN 9780759101906.
  5. ↑ Cenap Çakmak Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 volumes] ABC-CLIO 2017 ISBN 978-1-610-69217-5 page 1450
  6. ↑ A. A. Nadwi, "Vocabulary of the Quran"
  7. ↑ Ibn Kathir. "Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Al Tawbah". Quran 4 U. Tafsir. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 March 2020.
  8. ↑ Ibn Kathir. "Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Nuh". Quran 4 U. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 March 2020.
  9. ↑ "Quran 7:148–150".
  10. ↑ "Quran 9:31".
  11. ↑ "Yusuf Ali translation of 9:31, footnote 1266".
  12. ↑ Learning from other faiths Hermann Häring, Janet Martin Soskice, Felix Wilfred - 2003 - 141 "Medieval Jewish (as well as Muslim) philosophers identified belief in the Trinity with the heresy of shituf (Hebrew) or shirk (Arabic): 'associationism', or limiting the infinity of Allah by associating his divinity with creaturely being"
  13. ↑ Ibn Kathir. "Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Al Nisa". Quran 4 U. Tafsir. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 March 2020.
  14. ↑ Awn, Peter J. (1983). Satan's Tragedy and Redemption: Iblīs in Sufi Psychology. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 104. ISBN 978-9004069060
  15. ↑ Charles Adams; Kevin Reinhart (2009). "Kufr". ใน John L. Esposito (บ.ก.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135.
  16. 1 2 Ibn Kathir. "Surah Al Ma'ida". Quran 4 U. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 March 2020.
  17. ↑ Thomas, David (2006). "Trinity". ใน Jane Dammen McAuliffe (บ.ก.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Brill.
  18. ↑ Joseph, Jojo, Qur’an-Gospel Convergence: The Qur’an’s Message To Christians, Journal of Dharma, 1 (January–March 2010), pp. 55-76
  19. ↑ Mazuz, Haggai (2012) Christians in the Qurʾān: Some Insights Derived from the Classical Exegetic Approach, Journal of Dharma 35, 1 (January–March 2010), 55-76
  20. ↑ Schirrmacher, Christine, The Islamic view of Christians: Qur’an and Hadith, http://www.worldevangelicals.org
  21. ↑ Carré, Olivier (2003). Mysticism and Politics: A Critical Reading of Fī Ẓilāl Al-Qurʼān by Sayyid Quṭb. Boston: Brill. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-9004125902.
  22. ↑ Glasse, Cyril (1989). The New Encyclopedia of Islam (Revised 2001 ed.). NY: Altamira Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-0759101890.
  23. 1 2 Björkman, W. (2012). "Kāfir". ใน P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (บ.ก.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3775.
  24. ↑ Fletcher, Charles . "Shirk." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford Islamic Studies Online, http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1080 (accessed Apr 21, 2020)

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