อ้างอิง ของ พิวรีน

  1. ↑ Antonov, L (2011). Tautomerism: Methods and Theories (1st ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-33294-6.
  2. ↑ Smith, MB; March, J (2001). Advanced Organic Chemistry (5th ed.). New York: Wiley Interscience. pp. 1218–1211. ISBN 0-471-58589-0.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  3. ↑ Katritzky, AR; Elguero, J และคณะ (1971). The Tautomerism of heterocycles. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-020651-X.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  4. ↑ Rosemeyer, Helmut (2004-03). "The Chemodiversity of Purine as a Constituent of Natural Products". Chemistry & Biodiversity. 1 (3): 361–401. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200490033. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ↑ "Gout: List of Foods High and Low in Purine Content". Dietaryfiberfood.com. 2016-04-08. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2016-07-16.
  6. ↑ "Gout Diet: What Foods To Avoid". Healthcastle.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2016-07-16.
  7. ↑ Guyton, Arthur C. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7216-0240-0.
  8. ↑ Fischer, Emil (1884). "Ueber die Harnsäure. I." [On uric acid. I.]. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 17: 328–338. doi:10.1002/cber.18840170196.
    From p. 329: "Um eine rationelle Nomenklatur der so entstehenden zahlreichen Substanzen zu ermöglichen, betrachte ich dieselben als Abkömmlinge der noch unbekannten Wasserstoffverbindung CH3.C5N4H3 and nenne die letztere Methylpurin." (In order to make possible a rational nomenclature for the numerous existing substances, I regarded them as derivatives of a still unknown hydrogen compound, CH3.C5N4H3, and call the latter "methylpurine".)
  9. 1 2 Fischer, Emil (1898). "Ueber das Purin und seine Methylderivate" [On purine and its methyl derivatives]. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 31: 2550–2574. doi:10.1002/cber.18980310304.
    From p. 2550: "…hielt ich es für zweckmäßig, alle diese Produkte ebenso wie die Harnsäure als Derivate der sauerstofffreien Verbindung C5H4N4 zu betrachten, und wählte für diese den Namen Purin, welcher aus den Wörtern purum und uricum kombiniert war." (…I regarded it as expedient to consider all of these products, just like uric acid, as derivatives of the oxygen-free compound C5H4N4, and chose for them the name "purine", which was formed from the [Latin] words purum and uricum.)
  10. ↑ McGuigan, Hugh (1921). An Introduction To Chemical Pharmacology. P. Blakiston's Sons & Co. p. 283. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-07-18.
  11. ↑ Scheele, C. W. (1776). "Examen chemicum calculi urinari" [A chemical examination of kidney stones]. Opuscula. 2: 73.
  12. ↑ Davies, O.; Mendes, P.; Smallbone, K.; Malys, N. (2012). "Characterisation of multiple substrate-specific (d)ITP/(d)XTPase and modelling of deaminated purine nucleotide metabolism". BMB Reports. 45 (4): 259–264. doi:10.5483/BMBRep.2012.45.4.259. PMID 22531138.
  13. ↑ "Purine-Rich Foods, Dairy and Protein Intake, and the Risk of Gout in Men". New England Journal of Medicine. 350: 1093–1103. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa035700. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2016-07-17.
  14. ↑ "Bone Health". USDA. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2016-07-17.
  15. ↑ Yamada, H.; Okamoto, T. (1972). "A One-step Synthesis of Purine Ring from Formamide". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 20 (3): 623. doi:10.1248/cpb.20.623. Archived from the original on 2016-05-16.
  16. ↑ Saladino, Raffaele; Crestini, Claudia; Ciciriello, Fabiana; Costanzo, Giovanna; Mauro, Ernesto; และคณะ (2006). "About a Formamide-Based Origin of Informational Polymers: Syntheses of Nucleobases and Favourable Thermodynamic Niches for Early Polymers". Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres. 36 (5–6): 523–531. Bibcode:2006OLEB...36..523S. doi:10.1007/s11084-006-9053-2. PMID 17136429.
  17. ↑ Sanchez, R. A.; Ferris, J. P.; Orgel, L. E. (1967). "Studies in prebiotic synthesis. II. Synthesis of purine precursors and amino acids from aqueous hydrogen cyanide". Journal of Molecular Biology. 30 (2): 223–253. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(67)80037-8. PMID 4297187.
  18. ↑ Ferris, James P.; Orgel, L. E. (1966-03). "An Unusual Photochemical Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Adenine from Hydrogen Cyanide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 88 (5): 1074. doi:10.1021/ja00957a050. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ↑ Ferris, J. P.; Kuder, J. E.; Catalano, O. W. (1969). "Photochemical Reactions and the Chemical Evolution of Purines and Nicotinamide Derivatives". Science. 166 (3906): 765–766. Bibcode:1969Sci...166..765F. doi:10.1126/science.166.3906.765. PMID 4241847.
  20. ↑ Oro, J.; Kamat, J. S. (1961). "Amino-acid Synthesis from Hydrogen Cyanide under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions". Nature. 190 (4774): 442–443. Bibcode:1961Natur.190..442O. doi:10.1038/190442a0. PMID 13731262.
  21. ↑ Hassner, Alfred; Stumer, C. (2002). Organic Syntheses Based on Name Reactions (2nd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-043259-X.

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