อ้างอิง ของ สงครามอ่าว

  1. ↑ "Historical Events on 30th November". Historyorb.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-03-18.
  2. ↑ "Den 1. Golfkrig". Forsvaret.dk. 24 September 2010. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  3. ↑ Gulf War, the Sandhurst-trained Prince Khaled bin Sultan al-Saud was co commander with General Norman Schwarzkopf www.casi.org.uk/discuss
  4. ↑ General Khaled was Co-Commander, with U.S. General Norman Schwarzkopf, of the allied coalition that liberated Kuwait www.thefreelibrary.com
  5. ↑ Gulf War Coalition Forces (Latest available) by country www.nationmaster.com ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน (archived พฤศจิกายน 5, 2013).
  6. ↑ Hersh, Seymour (2005). Chain of Command. Penguin Books. p. 181.
  7. ↑ International Law Norms, Actors, Process, 3rd Edition
  8. 1 2 "Persian Gulf War". MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "1991 Gulf War Information". cryan.com.
  10. 1 2 "Guerre du Golfe : le dernier combat de la division Tawakalna". checkpoint-online.ch.
  11. 1 2 Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990 (Air War). Acig.org. Retrieved on 12 June 2011
  12. ↑ Kenneth Michael Pollack-- Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991. 2002. Page 573.
  13. 1 2 3 "Fast Facts about Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm". osd.mil.
  14. ↑ "The Use of Terror during Iraq's invasion of Kuwait". The Jewish Agency for Israel. Archived from the original on 24 January 2005. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 June 2010.
  15. ↑ "Kuwait: missing people: a step in the right direction". Red Cross.
  16. ↑ "The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict". Project on Defense Alternatives. สืบค้นเมื่อ 9 May 2009.
  17. 1 2 3 Fetter, Steve; Lewis, George N.; Gronlund, Lisbeth (28 January 1993). "Why were Casualties so low?" (PDF). Nature. London. 361 (6410): 293–296. doi:10.1038/361293a0.
  18. ↑ "Frontline Chronology" (PDF). Public Broadcasting Service. สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 March 2007.
  19. ↑ "Tenth anniversary of the Gulf War: A look back". CNN. 17 January 2001. |archive-url= is malformed: timestamp (help)
  20. ↑ Kenneth Estes. "ISN: The Second Gulf War (1990–1991) – Council on Foreign Relations". Cfr.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 March 2010.
  21. ↑ Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2014-05-24.
  22. ↑ Peters, John E; Deshong, Howard (1995). Out of Area or Out of Reach? European Military Support for Operations in Southwest Asia (PDF). RAND Corporation. ISBN 0-8330-2329-2.
  23. ↑ Memória Globo ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน (archived กรกฎาคม 25, 2011)., access on 29 March 2011.
  24. ↑ "Livraria da Folha – Livro conta como Guerra do Golfo colocou a CNN no foco internacional – 08/09/2010". .folha.uol.com.br. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 May 2011.
  25. ↑ A Guerra do Golfo, accessed on 29 March 2011
  26. ↑ A Guerra do Golfo, os Estados Unidos e as Relações Internacionais accessed on 29 March 2011.
  27. ↑ Guerra/Terrorismo – O maior bombardeio da história, access on 27 November 2011.
  28. ↑ Douglas A. Borer (2003). "Inverse Engagement: Lessons from U.S.-Iraq Relations, 1982–1990". U.S. Army Professional Writing Collection. U.S. Army. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-10-12.
  29. ↑ Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. 2nd Ed pg. 464
  30. ↑ Duiker, William J; Spielvogel, Jackson J. World History: From 1500. 5th edition. Belmont, California, USA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. Pp. 839.
  31. ↑ Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. 2nd Ed pg. 463
  32. ↑ Academic forum for foreign affairs, Austria.
  33. ↑ "Saddam's message of friendship to president Bush (Wikileaks telegram 90BAGHDAD4237)". U.S. Department of State. 25 July 1990. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2. January 2011. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  34. 1 2 Finlan (2003). p. 26.
  35. 1 2 "Kuwait: Organization and Mission of the Forces". Library of Congress Country Studies. สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 April 2012.
  36. ↑ Finlan (2003). p. 25.
  37. ↑ Childs, John; Corvisier, André (1994). A Dictionary of Military History and the Art of War. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 403. ISBN 9780631168485.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  38. ↑ Knights, Michael (2005). Cradle of Conflict: Iraq and the Birth of Modern U.S. Military Power. United States Naval Institute. p. 20. ISBN 9781591144441.
  39. ↑ Dan Vaught. "Eyewitness, Col. Fred Hart 1". Users.lighthouse.net. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  40. ↑ Finlan (2003). p. 29.
  41. ↑ "Gulf War of 1991 Effects on Israel & Palestinian Arabs". Palestinefacts.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 May 2011.
  42. ↑ "Myths & Facts – The Gulf Wars". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 May 2011.
  43. 1 2 Ziad Swaidan; Mihai Nica (2002). "The 1991 Gulf War And Jordan's Economy". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 6 (2). Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  44. ↑ Deese, David A. "Persian Gulf War, Desert Storm – War with Iraqi". The History Professor. Concord Learning Systems.
  45. ↑
  46. ↑ Lori Fisler Damrosch, International Law, Cases and Materials, West Group, 2001
  47. 1 2 Friedman, Thomas L. (22 August 1990). "Confrontation in the Gulf: Behind Bush's Hard Line; Washington Considers a Clear Iraqi Defeat To Be Necessary to Bolster Its Arab Allies". The New York Times. New York. pp. A1. สืบค้นเมื่อ 16 September 2010.
  48. ↑ "Confrontation in the Gulf; Proposals by Iraqi President: Excerpts From His Address". The New York Times. New York. 13 August 1990. pp. A8. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 October 2010.
  49. 1 2 Waldman, Shmuel (2005). Beyond a Reasonable Doubt. Feldheim Publishers, p. 179. ISBN 1-58330-806-7
  50. ↑ BBC News. "1990: Outrage at Iraqi TV hostage show". Retrieved 2 September 2007.
  51. ↑ Royce, Knut (29 August 1990). "MIDDLE EAST CRISIS Secret Offer Iraq Sent Pullout Deal to U.S". Newsday Washington Bureau. New York. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 October 2010.
  52. ↑ Royce, Knut (3 January 1991). "Iraq Offers Deal to Quit Kuwait U.S. rejects it, but stays 'interested'". Newsday Washington Bureau. Long Island, N.Y. p. 5. สืบค้นเมื่อ 24 October 2010.
  53. ↑ Tyler, Patrick E. (3 January 1991). "CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; Arafat Eases Stand on Kuwait-Palestine Link". The New York Times. New York. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 October 2010.
  54. ↑ Friedman, Thomas L. (11 January 1991). "CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; As U.S. Officials See It, Hands of Aziz Were Tied". The New York Times. pp. A10. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 September 2010.
  55. ↑ See Paul Lewis, "Confrontation in the Gulf: The U.N.; France and 3 Arab States Issue an Appeal to Hussein," New York Times, 15 January 1991, p. A12
  56. ↑ Michael Kranish et al., "World waits on brink of war: Late effort at diplomacy in gulf fails," Boston Globe, 16 January 1991, p. 1
  57. ↑ Ellen Nimmons, A.P., "Last-ditch pitches for peace; But U.S. claims Iraqis hold key," Houston Chronicle, 15 January 1991, p. 1
  58. ↑ Gilles Kepel Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam.
  59. ↑ "The Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm Timeline". Archived from the original on 25 May 2008. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 June 2010.
  60. ↑ "15 Years After Desert Storm, U.S. Commitment to Region Continues". Archived from the original on 2011-06=-08. สืบค้นเมื่อ 29 March 2007. Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)
  61. ↑ "Essential Documents: UN Security Council Resolution 678". Council on Foreign Relations.
  62. ↑ "The Unfinished War: A Decade Since Desert Storm". CNN In-Depth Specials. 2001. Archived from the original on 17 March 2008. สืบค้นเมื่อ 5 April 2008.
  63. ↑ Lynch, Colum (1 November 2006). "Security Council Seat Tied to Aid". The Washington Post. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 March 2010.
  64. ↑ Bush, George H. W. (11 September 1990). "Address Before a Joint Session of Congress". Miller Center of Public Affairs. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  65. ↑ "Photos don't show buildup". St. Petersburg Times. 6 January 1991. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 January 2012.
  66. ↑ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Volume 59, page 33, Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science (Chicago, Ill.), Atomic Scientists of Chicago, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Organization), 2003.
  67. ↑ "How PR Sold the War in the Persian Gulf | Center for Media and Democracy". Prwatch.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  68. 1 2 Rowse, Ted (1992). "Kuwaitgate – killing of Kuwaiti babies by Iraqi soldiers exaggerated". Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29.
  69. ↑ Makiya 1993, p 40.
  70. ↑ Makiya 1993, pp 31–33
  71. ↑ Makiya 1993, p 32.
  72. ↑ name=cnnstats Edwin E. Moïse. "Limited War : The Stereotypes". Clemson University. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2 July 2010.
  73. ↑ Operation Desert Storm globalsecurity.com
  74. ↑ "CNN.com In-depth specials — Gulf War (via Internet Archive)". CNN. 2001. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 March 2008.
  75. ↑ Lee, Robin J. (2002). "Fixed-Wing Combat Aircraft Attrition in Desert Storm". สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 January 2012. Sources: Gulf War Airpower Survey, Vol. 5; Norman Friedman, Desert Victory; World Air Power Journal. Additionally, Mark Bovankovich and LT Chuck Chase offered corrections and several intriguing details on these incidents. All errors, however, remain entirely mine.
  76. ↑ Atkinson, Rick (1994). Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, p. 47. ISBN 0-395-71083-9
  77. ↑ Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh, The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order, 1990–1991 (Princeton, 1993), 332.
  78. ↑ Post Video To Facebook (9 January 1991). "Geneva Meeting on Persian Gulf Crisis". C-SPAN. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 March 2010.
  79. ↑ Rostker, Bernard (2000). "Information Paper: Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles". Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control from 2000-2006. สืบค้นเมื่อ 21 May 2009.
  80. ↑ Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh, The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order, 1990–1991 (Princeton, 1993), 331–41.
  81. ↑ Thomas, Gordon, Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad
  82. ↑ The Gulf War
  83. ↑ Atkinson, Rick; Balz, Dan (January 23, 1991). "Scud Hits Tel Aviv, Leaving 3 Dead, 96 Hurt". The Washington Post. สืบค้นเมื่อ June 2, 2013.
  84. ↑ The Gulf War (1991)
  85. ↑ "Three Isrealis killed as Scuds hit Tel Aviv". The Tech. 1991. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 January 2009.
  86. ↑ Sprey, Pierre M. "Evaluating Weapons: Sorting the Good from the Bad." CDI, February 2011.
  87. 1 2 "Betrokkenheid van Nederland" (in Dutch). Ministerie van Defensie. 2009. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 January 2009.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
  88. ↑ Cheney, Richard: In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir
  89. ↑ "DOD: Information Paper- Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles". Iraqwatch.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 March 2010.
  90. ↑ John Pike. "Operation Desert Sabre / Gulf War Ground Campaign". Globalsecurity.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 March 2010.
  91. ↑ Andrew Leydon. "Carriers in the Persian Gulf War". Leyden.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 March 2010.
  92. ↑ twentieth century battlefields, the gulf war
  93. ↑ Fisk, Robert. The Great War for Civilisation, Vintage (2007 reprint), at p. 646.
  94. ↑ "Abbas apology to Kuwait over Iraq". BBC News. 12 December 2004.
  95. ↑ ""Cheney changed his view on Iraq", by Charles Pope, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 29 September 2004". 28 September 2004. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 January 2005.
  96. 1 2 Crocker III, H. W. (2006). Don't Tread on Me. New York: Crown Forum. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-4000-5363-6.
  97. ↑ Morin, Jean H.; Gimblett, Richard Howard (1997). Operation Friction, 1990–1991: The Canadian Forces in the Persian Gulf. Dundurn Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-55002-257-5.
  98. ↑ Scott Peterson, "'Smarter' bombs still hit civilians, Christian Science Monitor, 22 October 2002.
  99. 1 2 Robert Fisk, The Great War For Civilisation; The Conquest of the Middle East (Fourth Estate, 2005), p.853.
  100. ↑ "Toting the Casualties of War". Businessweek. 6 February 2003.
  101. ↑ Ford, Peter (9 April 2003). "Bid to stem civilian deaths tested". Christian Science Monitor.
  102. ↑ Keaney, Thomas (1993). Gulf War Air Power Survey. United States Dept. of the Air Force. ISBN 0-16-041950-6. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  103. ↑ "Wages of War – Appendix 2: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 1991 Gulf War". Comw.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  104. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "In-Depth Specials – Gulf War". CNN. 2001. Archived from the original on 2001.
  105. ↑ ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130H Hercules 469 Rash Mishab
  106. ↑ "Roll of Honour". Britains-smallwars.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 May 2011.
  107. ↑ "Saudi Arabia – Persian Gulf War, 1991". Country-data.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  108. ↑ New York Times. "After the War; 92 Senegalese soldiers die in Saudi Air Crash"http://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/22/world/after-the-war-92-senegalese-soldiers-die-in-saudi-arabia-air-crash.html
  109. ↑ "The Role of the United Arab Emirates in the Iran-Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War". Country-data.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  110. ↑ Miller, Judith. "Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force." The New York Times, 27 March 1991.
  111. ↑ "Soldier Reported Dead Shows Up at Parents' Doorstep". Associated Press. 22 March 1991.
  112. ↑ Schmitt, Eric (22 March 1991). "After the War". The New York Times.
  113. ↑ "Role of Kuwaiti Armed Forces in the Persian Gulf War". Country-data.com. 24 February 1991. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  114. ↑ Blanford, Nicholas (2001). "Kuwait hopes for answers on its Gulf War POWs". Christian Science Monitor.
  115. ↑ Persian Gulf War – MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009.
  116. ↑ Schröder H, Heimers A, Frentzel-Beyme R, Schott A, Hoffman W (2003). "Chromosome Aberration Analysis in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Gulf War and Balkans War Veterans". Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 103: 211–219. External link in |title= (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  117. ↑ Hindin, R. et al. (2005) "Teratogenicity of depleted uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective," Environmental Health, vol. 4, pp. 17.
  118. ↑ An Analysis of Uranium Dispersal and Health Effects Using a Gulf War Case Study, Albert C. Marshall, Sandia National Laboratories
  119. ↑ John Pike. "E-8 Joint-DEATH STAR [JSTARS]". Globalsecurity.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 March 2010.
  120. ↑ Clancy & Horner 1999, pp. 499–500.
  121. 1 2 "Buried Alive: U.S. Tanks Used Plows To Kill Thousands In Gulf War Trenches" Newsday (New York), 12 September 1991, p. 1, Patrick Day Sloyan
  122. ↑ "frontline: the gulf war: appendix: Iraqi death toll". สืบค้นเมื่อ 4 December 2005.
  123. ↑ John Simpson, The Wars Against Saddam. MacMillan: Basingstoke. 2003.
  124. ↑ "Kuwait – Population". Countrystudies.us. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 May 2011.
  125. ↑ , บีบีซี News, 30 May 2001
  126. ↑
  127. ↑ 23 June 1991, Washington Post, Bart Gellman
  128. ↑ "The View From France: America's Unyielding Policy toward Iraq," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 74, No. 1, January/February 1995, pp.61–62
  129. ↑ Rubin, Michael (December 2001). "Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?" (PDF). 5 (4). Middle East Review of International Affairs: 100–115.
  130. ↑ "Frontline: War Stories". Pbs.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  131. ↑ "The Flight That Changed My Life". Johnnichol.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  132. ↑ "War Story:John Peters". Pbs.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  133. ↑ The One that Got Away by Chris Ryan & Bravo Two Zero by Andy McNab
  134. ↑ "A Woman's Burden". Time magazine. 28 March 2003.
  135. 1 2 "US pulls out of Saudi Arabia". BBC News. 29 April 2003. สืบค้นเมื่อ 29 November 2009.
  136. ↑ Plotz, David (2001) What Does Osama Bin Laden Want?, Slate
  137. ↑ Bergen, Peter L. (2001). Holy War Inc. Simon & Schuster. p. 3.
  138. ↑ Yusufzai, Rahimullah (26 September 2001). "Face to face with Osama". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 June 2010.
  139. ↑ "Iraq surveys show 'humanitarian emergency'". 12 August 1999. สืบค้นเมื่อ 29 November 2009.
  140. ↑ Spagat, Michael (September 2010). "Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions" (PDF). Significance.
  141. ↑ Rubin, Michael (December 2001). "Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?". 5 (4). Middle East Review of International Affairs: 100–115.
  142. 1 2 "Duke Magazine-Oil Spill-After the Deluge, by Jeffrey Pollack-Mar/Apr 2003". Dukemagazine.duke.edu. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  143. ↑ "V: "Thunder And Lightning"- The War With Iraq (Subsection:The War At Sea)". The United States Navy in "Desert Shield" / "Desert Storm". United States Navy. สืบค้นเมื่อ 26 November 2006.
  144. ↑ Leckie, Robert (1998). The Wars of America. Castle Books.
  145. ↑ Wellman, Robert Campbell (14 February 1999). ""Iraq and Kuwait: 1972, 1990, 1991, 1997." Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change". U.S. Geological Survey. http://earthshots.usgs.gov. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 July 2010. External link in |publisher= (help)
  146. ↑ Husain, T. (1995). Kuwaiti Oil Fires: Regional Environmental Perspectives. Oxford: BPC Wheatons Ltd. p. 68.
  147. 1 2 "How much did the Gulf War cost the US?". People.psych.cornell.edu. 20 May 1997. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.
  148. ↑ "The Impact of the Gulf Crisis on Developing Countries". ODI Briefing Paper. 1991. สืบค้นเมื่อ 29 June 2011. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  149. ↑ "Dumb Bombs". Fas.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 March 2010.
  150. ↑ McNamara, Joel. GPS for Dummies.
  151. ↑ "Something wrong with our **** chips today". The Economist. 7 April 2011. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 June 2011.
  152. 1 2 Cirincione, Joseph (October 1992). "The Performance of the Patriot Missile in the war" (PDF). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2003. สืบค้นเมื่อ 4 December 2005.
  153. ↑ "The Patriot Missile Failure". Ima.umn.edu. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 February 2011.

แหล่งที่มา

WikiPedia: สงครามอ่าว http://afa.at/histomun/HISTOMUN2008-Paper-Kuwait.p... http://www.colegioweb.com.br/historia/guerra-do-go... http://www.iraquenewst55.jex.com.br/3+guerra+terro... http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/livrariadafolha... http://www.uel.br/grupo-pesquisa/gepal/segundosimp... http://www.checkpoint-online.ch/CheckPoint/Histoir... http://www.wikileaks.ch/cable/1990/07/90BAGHDAD423... http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/04/... http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1991/Soldier-Reported... http://www.britains-smallwars.com/gulf/Roll.html