อ้างอิง ของ อาการท้องผูก

  1. ↑ "Costiveness - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2019-04-11.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chatoor, D; Emmnauel, A (2009). "Constipation and evacuation disorders". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 23 (4): 517–30. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2009.05.001. PMID 19647687.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 American Gastroenterological Association,; Bharucha, AE; Dorn, SD; Lembo, A; Pressman, A (2013-01). "American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on constipation". Gastroenterology (Review). 144 (1): 211–217. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.029. PMID 23261064. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Constipation". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2015-02. Archived from the original on 2017-03-15. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2017-03-14. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Symptoms & Causes of Celiac Disease | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2016-06. Archived from the original on 2017-04-24. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2017-04-24. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. 1 2 3 4 Makharia, A; Catassi, C; Makharia, GK (2015). "The Overlap between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Clinical Dilemma". Nutrients (Review). 7 (12): 10417–26. doi:10.3390/nu7125541. PMC 4690093. PMID 26690475.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  7. 1 2 3 Andromanakos, N; Skandalakis, P; Troupis, T; Filippou, D (2006). "Constipation of anorectal outlet obstruction: Pathophysiology, evaluation and management". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 21 (4): 638–646. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04333.x. PMID 16677147.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  8. ↑ "constipation", Lexitron พจนานุกรมไทย<=>อังกฤษ รุ่น 2.6, หน่วยปฏิบัติการวิจัยวิทยาการมนุษยภาษา, ศูนย์เทคโนโลยีอิเล็กทรอนิกส์และคอมพิวเตอร์แห่งชาติ สำนักงานพัฒนาวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยีแห่งชาติ, กระทรวงวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี, 2546, อาการท้องผูก
  9. 1 2 3 Colombo, Jennifer M.; Wassom, Matthew C.; Rosen, John M. (2015-09-01). "Constipation and Encopresis in Childhood". Pediatrics in Review. 36 (9): 392–401, quiz 402. doi:10.1542/pir.36-9-392. ISSN 1526-3347. PMID 26330473.
  10. ↑ "Celiac Disease". NIDDKD. 2015-06. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2016-03-17. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ↑ "Clinical presentation of celiac disease in the pediatric population". 2005-04. PMID 15825129. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ↑ "The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms". 2013. PMID 22345659.
  13. ↑ "Nonceliac gluten sensitivity". 2015. PMID 25583468. Since 2010, the definition of NCGS has been discussed at 3 consensus conferences, which led to 3 publications. Given the uncertainties about this clinical entity and the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, all 3 reports concluded that NCGS should be defined by the following exclusionary criteria: a clinical entity induced by the ingestion of gluten leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that resolve once the gluten-containing foodstuff is eliminated from the diet, and when celiac disease and wheat allergy have been ruled out.
  14. 1 2 3 "Diverticular Disease". niddk.nih.gov. 2013-09. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. 1 2 "Diverticulosis today: unfashionable and still under-researched". 2016. PMID 26929783.
  16. ↑ Feldman, Mark (2010). Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management (9th ed.). MD Consult. p. 2084. ISBN 9781437727678.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  17. ↑ Bharucha, AE; Pemberton, JH; Locke GR, 3rd (2013-01). "American Gastroenterological Association technical review on constipation". Gastroenterology. 144 (1): 218–38. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.028. PMC 3531555. PMID 23261065. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. 1 2 Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2019-06-26). "Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate or Docusate (Calcium or Sodium) for the Prevention or Management of Constipation: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness". PMID 25520993.
  19. ↑ Brenner, DM; Shah, M (2016-06). "Chronic Constipation". Gastroenterology clinics of North America. 45 (2): 205–16. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.013. PMID 27261894. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jamshed, Namirah; Lee, Zone-En; Olden, Kevin W. (2011-08-01). "Diagnostic approach to chronic constipation in adults". American Family Physician. 84 (3): 299–306. ISSN 1532-0650. PMID 21842777.
  21. ↑ "Constipation". eMedicine. 2007-03-29. Archived from the original on 2007-03-29.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Walia, R; Mahajan, L; Steffen, R (2009-10). "Recent advances in chronic constipation". Curr Opin Pediatr. 21 (5): 661–6. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832ff241. PMID 19606041. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Locke, GR; Pemberton, JH; Phillips, SF (2000-12). "American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: guidelines on constipation". Gastroenterology. 119 (6): 1761–6. doi:10.1053/gast.2000.20390. PMID 11113098. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  24. 1 2 Hsieh, C (2005-12). "Treatment of constipation in older adults". Am Fam Physician. 72 (11): 2277–84. PMID 16342852. Archived from the original on 2012-04-10. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. 1 2 3 Basilisco, Guido; Coletta, Marina (2013). "Chronic constipation: A critical review". Digestive and Liver Disease. 45 (11): 886–893. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2013.03.016.
  26. 1 2 Leung, FW (2007-02). "Etiologic factors of chronic constipation: review of the scientific evidence". Dig. Dis. Sci. 52 (2): 313–6. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9298-7. PMID 17219073. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. 1 2 "Celiac disease". World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. 2016-07. Archived from the original on 2017-03-17. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2017-04-23. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ↑ "Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder) | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (in อังกฤษ). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2017-12-02.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 McCallum, IJ; Ong, S; Mercer-Jones, M (2009). "Chronic constipation in adults". BMJ. 338: b831. doi:10.1136/bmj.b831. PMID 19304766.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  30. ↑ Selby, Warwick; Corte, Crispin (2010-08). "Managing constipation in adults". Australian Prescriber. 33 (4): 116–9. Archived from the original on 2011-03-14. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-08-27. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ↑ Gallegos-Orozco, JF; Foxx-Orenstein, AE; Sterler, SM; Stoa, JM (2012-01). "Chronic constipation in the elderly". The American Journal of Gastroenterology (Review). 107 (1): 18–25. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.349. PMID 21989145. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  32. 1 2 "porphyria". GHR. 2009-07. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  33. 1 2 "Porphyria". NIDDK. 2014-02. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. 1 2 3 "myotonic dystrophy". GHR. 2016-10-11.
  35. ↑ "Myotonic dystrophies: An update on clinical aspects, genetic, pathology, and molecular pathomechanisms". 2015. PMID 24882752.
  36. ↑ Gyger, G; Baron, M (2015). "Systemic Sclerosis: Gastrointestinal Disease and Its Management". Rheum Dis Clin North Am (Review). 41 (3): 459–73. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2015.04.007. PMID 26210129.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ↑ Rao, Satish S. C.; Rattanakovit, Kulthep; Patcharatrakul, Tanisa (2016). "Diagnosis and management of chronic constipation in adults". Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 13 (5): 295–305. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.53.
  38. ↑ "Interest of retro-anal levator plate myorrhaphy in selected cases of descending perineum syndrome with positive anti-sagging test". 2008. doi:10.1186/1471-2482-8-13.
  39. ↑ "Perineal descent and patients' symptoms of anorectal dysfunction, pelvic organ prolapse, and urinary incontinence". 2010. doi:10.1007/s00192-010-1099-z.
  40. ↑ Schouten, WR; Briel, JW; Auwerda, JJ; van Dam, JH; Gosselink, MJ; Ginai, AZ; Hop, WC (1997). "Anismus: fact or fiction?". Diseases of the colon and rectum. 40 (9): 1033–1041. doi:10.1007/BF02050925. PMID 9293931.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  41. ↑ Cohn, A (2010). "Stool withholding" (PDF). Journal of Pediatric Neurology. 8 (1): 29–30. doi:10.3233/JPN-2010-0350. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-09-07. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-09-07.
  42. 1 2 3 Bharucha, Adil E.; Pemberton, John H.; Locke, G. Richard (2013). "American Gastroenterological Association Technical Review on Constipation". Gastroenterology. 144 (1): 218–238. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.028. PMC 3531555. PMID 23261065.
  43. ↑ Wexner, Steven (2006). Constipation: etiology, evaluation and management. New York: Springer.
  44. 1 2 3 Tabbers, M.M.; DiLorenzo, C.; Berger, M.Y.; Faure, C.; Langendam, M.W.; Nurko, S.; Staiano, A.; Vandenplas, Y.; Benninga, M.A. (2014). "Evaluation and Treatment of Functional Constipation in Infants and Children". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 58 (2): 265–281. doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000266.
  45. ↑ "Constipation". MedicineNet. Archived from the original on 2007-11-30.
  46. 1 2 Tierney, LM; Henderson, MC; Smetana, GW (2012). The patient history : an evidence-based approach to differential diagnosis (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. Chapter 32. ISBN 9780071624947.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  47. ↑ Longstreth, GF; Thompson, WG; Chey, WD; Houghton, LA; Mearin, F; Spiller, RC (2006). "Functional bowel disorders". Gastroenterology. 130 (5): 1480–91. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.061. PMID 16678561.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  48. ↑ Dinning, PG (2007-09). "Colonic manometry and sacral nerve stimulation in patients with severe constipation". Pelviperineology. 26 (3): 114–116. Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  49. ↑ "Constipation overview". National Institute for Health and Car Excellence. Archived from the original on 2015-09-08. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-10-10.
  50. ↑ "high enema". Medical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-02-17.
  51. ↑ "Administering an Enema". Care of patients. Ternopil State Medical University. 2015-07-14. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-02-17.
  52. ↑ Cruz, Rhodora. "Types of Enemas". Fundamentals of Nursing Practice. Professional Education, Testing and Certification Organization International. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-02-17.
  53. ↑ "low enema". Medical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-02-17.
  54. ↑ Lee-Robichaud, H; Thomas, K; Morgan, J; Nelson, RL (2010-07-07). "Lactulose versus Polyethylene Glycol for Chronic Constipation". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD007570. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007570.pub2. PMID 20614462.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  55. ↑ Camilleri, M; Deiteren, A (2010-02). "Prucalopride for constipation". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 11 (3): 451–61. doi:10.1517/14656560903567057. PMID 20102308. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  56. ↑ Barish, CF; Drossman, D; Johanson, JF; Ueno, R (2010-04). "Efficacy and safety of lubiprostone in patients with chronic constipation". Dig. Dis. Sci. 55 (4): 1090–7. doi:10.1007/s10620-009-1068-x. PMID 20012484. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  57. ↑ Aboumarzouk, Omar M; Agarwal, Trisha; Antakia, Ramez; Shariff, Umar; Nelson, Richard L (2011-01-19). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (in อังกฤษ). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007780.pub2. Archived from the original on 2017-09-04.
  58. ↑ Canberra Hospital - Gastroenterology Unit. "constipation". Archived from the original on 2013-07-17.
  59. ↑ Bharucha, AE (2007). "Constipation". Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 21 (4): 709–31. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.07.001. PMID 17643910.
  60. 1 2 3 "NIH Publication No. 07-2754". National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-08-18. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-07-18.
  61. 1 2 Sonnenberg, A; Koch, TR (1989). "Epidemiology of constipation in the United States". Dis Colon Rectum. 32 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1007/BF02554713. PMID 2910654.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  62. ↑ Chang, L; Toner, BB; Fukudo, S; Guthrie, E; Locke, GR; Norton, NJ; Sperber, AD (2006). "Gender, age, society, culture, and the patient's perspective in the functional gastrointestinal disorders". Gastroenterology. 130 (5): 1435–46. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.071. PMID 16678557.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  63. ↑ Wald, A.; Scarpignato, C.; Mueller-Lissner, S.; Kamm, M. A.; Hinkel, U.; Helfrich, I.; Schuijt, C.; Mandel, K. G. (2008-10-01). "A multinational survey of prevalence and patterns of laxative use among adults with self-defined constipation". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (in อังกฤษ). 28 (7): 917–930. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03806.x. ISSN 1365-2036. Archived from the original on 2017-03-17.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 Whorton, James C. (2000). Inner hygiene : constipation and the pursuit of health in modern society. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195135817.
  65. ↑ Hornibrook, F. A. (1929). The culture of the abdomen;: The cure of obesity and constipation. Heinemann.
  66. 1 2 Turawa, Eunice B; Musekiwa, Alfred; Rohwer, Anke C (2014-09-23). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (in อังกฤษ). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010273.pub2. Archived from the original on 2017-03-16.
  67. ↑ Drossman, DA; Corazziari, E; Talley, NJ; W, Grant Thompson; Whitehead, WE, eds. (2000). Rome II: the Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Treatment: a Multinational Consensus (2nd ed.). McLean: Degnon Associates.CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
  68. 1 2 3 4 5 Turawa, EB; Musekiwa, A; Rohwer, AC (2015-09-18). "Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 9: CD011625. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011625.pub2. PMID 26387487.

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