อ้างอิง ของ ความผิดปรกติในความคิด

  1. ↑ "Thought disorder", ศัพท์บัญญัติอังกฤษ-ไทย, ไทย-อังกฤษ ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (คอมพิวเตอร์) รุ่น ๑.๑ ฉบับ ๒๕๔๕, (แพทยศาสตร์) ความผิดปรกติในความคิด
  2. 1 2 3 4 Yudofsky, Stuart C.; Hales, Robert E. (2002). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 1-58562-032-7. OCLC 49576699.
  3. 1 2 Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2017), Appendix B: Glossary of Psychiatry and Psychology Terms. "thought disorder Any disturbance of thinking that affects language, communication, or thought content; the hallmark feature of schizophrenia. Manifestations range from simple blocking and mild circumstantiality to profound loosening of associations, incoherence, and delusions; characterized by a failure to follow semantic and syntactic rules that is inconsistent with the person’s education, intelligence, or cultural background."
  4. 1 2 3 APA dictionary of psychology (2015), p. 1086. "thought disorder a cognitive disturbance that affects communication, language, or thought content, including poverty of ideas, neologisms, paralogia, word salad, and delusions. A thought disorder is considered by some to be the most important mark of schizophrenia (see also schizophrenic thinking), but it is also associated with mood disorders, dementia, mania, and neurological diseases (among other conditions). Also called thought disturbance. See content thought disorder; formal thought disorder."
  5. ↑ Colman, AM (2001). Oxford Dictionary of Psychology. Oxford University Press.
  6. ↑ Barrera, A; McKenna, PJ; Berrios, GE (2009). "Formal thought disorder, neuropsychology and insight in schizophrenia". Psychopathology. 42 (4): 264–9. doi:10.1159/000224150. PMID 19521143.
  7. ↑ Noble, John; Greene, Harry L (1996-01-15). Textbook of primary care medicine. Mosby. p. 1325. ISBN 978-0-8016-7841-7.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  8. ↑ Jefferson, James W.; Moore, David Scott (2004). Handbook of medical psychiatry. Elsevier Mosby. p. 131. ISBN 0-323-02911-6.
  9. ↑ Thought Disorder (2016), 25.1. Introduction., p. 497.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Thought Disorder (2016), 25.2. Definition., pp. 497-498. cited Fish, FJ (1962). Schizophrenia. Bristol, England: Bright.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lewis, Stephen F; Escalona, Rodrigo; Keith, Samuel J (2017). "12.2 Phenomenology of Schizophrenia". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. THE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, Disorganization, Thought Disorder. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1.
    • “Thought disorder” here refers to disorganization of the form of thought and not content. An older use of the term “thought disorder” included the phenomena of delusions and sometimes hallucinations, but this is confusing and ignores the clear differences in the relationships between symptoms that have become apparent over the past 30 years. Delusions and hallucinations should be identified as psychotic symptoms, and thought disorder should be taken to mean formal thought disorders or a disorder of verbal cognition.
    • "Thought disorder is the most studied form of the disorganization symptoms. It is referred to as “formal thought disorder,” or “conceptual disorganization,” or as the “disorganization factor” in various studies that examine cognition or subsyndromes in schizophrenia. ..."
  12. 1 2 Thought Disorder (2016), 25.3. What Are the Boundaries of Thought Disorder?., pp. 498-499.
  13. ↑ Andreasen, NC (November 1979). "Thought, language, and communication disorders. I. Clinical assessment, definition of terms, and evaluation of their reliability". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 36 (12): 1315–21. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120045006. PMID 496551.
  14. ↑ "Intellectual Impairment in Head Injuries". 1944. doi:10.1176/ajp.100.4.480.
  15. ↑ Thought Disorder (2016), 25.4. What Are the Common Types of Thought Disorder?, pp. 498-499.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Phenomenology of Schizophrenia (2017), THE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, Categories of Negative Symptoms.
    • "... In this way, alogia is conceived of as a “negative thought disorder.” ..."
    • "... The paucity of meaningful content in the presence of a normal amount of speech that is sometimes included in alogia is actually a disorganization of thought and not a negative symptom and is properly included in the disorganization cluster of symptoms. ..."
  17. 1 2 3 Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (2008), "6 Psychiatric Rating Scales", Table 6-5 Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), p. 44.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Houghtalen, Rory P; McIntyre, John S (2017). "7.1 Psychiatric Interview, History, and Mental Status Examination of the Adult Patient". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. HISTORY AND EXAMINATION, Thought Process/Form, Table 7.1-6. Examples of Disordered Thought Process/Form. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1. indicates and briefly defines the follow types: Clanging, Circumstantial, Derailment (loose associations), Flight of ideas, Incoherence (word salad), Neologism, Tangential, Thought blocking
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Videbeck, S (2008). Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwers Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  20. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), pp. 187-188 circumstantiality n. circuitous, indirect speech in which the individual digresses to give unnecessary and often irrelevant details before arriving at the main point. An extreme form, arising from disorganized associative processes, may occur in schizophrenia, obsessional disorders, and certain types of dementia. Circumstantiality differs from tangentiality in that the main point is never lost but rather accompanied by a large amount of nonessential information.
  21. ↑ Videbeck, S (2017). "8. Assessment". Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing (7th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. CONTENT OF THE ASSESSMENT, Thought Process and Content, p. 232. ISBN 9781496355911.
  22. ↑ Videbeck (2017), Chapter 16 Schizophrenia, APPLICATION OF THE NURSING PROCESS, Thought Process and Content, p. 446. "how have you been sleeping lately?" “Oh, I go to bed early, so I can get plenty of rest. I like to listen to music or read before bed. Right now I’m reading a good mystery. Maybe I’ll write a mystery someday. But it isn’t helping, reading I mean. I have been getting only 2 or 3 hours of sleep at night.”
  23. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), p. 299 "derailment n. a symptom of thought disorder, often occurring in individuals with schizophrenia, marked by frequent interruptions in thought and jumping from one idea to another unrelated or indirectly related idea. It is usually manifested in speech (speech derailment) but can also be observed in writing. Derailment is essentially equivalent to loosening of associations. See cognitive derailment; thought derailment."
  24. ↑ Thought Disorder (2016), 25.4.2.8. Distractible Speech, p. 502. "The next day when I'd be going out you know, I took control, like uh, I put bleach on my hair in California."
  25. ↑ Thought Disorder (2016), 25.4.2.8. Distractible Speech, p. 502.
  26. 1 2 3 Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (2008), "10 Schizophrenia", CLINICAL FEATURES, Thought, pp. 168-169.
    • "Form of Thought. Disorders of the form of thought are objectively observable in patients’ spoken and written language. The disorders include looseness of associations, derailment, incoherence, tangentiality, circumstantiality, neologisms, echolalia, verbigeration, word salad, and mutism."
    • "Thought Process. ... Disorders of thought process include flight of ideas, thought blocking, impaired attention, poverty of thought content, poor abstraction abilities, perseveration, idiosyncratic associations (e.g., identical predicates and clang associations), overinclusion, and circumstantiality."
  27. ↑ American Psychiatry Association (2013). "Bipolar and Related Disorders". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. Glossary of Technical Terms, p. 821. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8. echolalia The pathological, parrotlike, and apparently senseless repetition (echoing) of a word or phrase just spoken by another person.
  28. ↑ O’Toole, Marie T, ed. (2013). visual-evoked potential (VEP). Mosby's Medical Dictionary (9th ed.). Elsevier Mosby. p. 582. ISBN 978-0-323-08541-0. echolalia /ek′ōlā′lyə/ [Gk, echo + lalein, to babble], 1. (in psychiatry) the automatic and meaningless repetition of another’s words or phrases, especially as seen in schizophrenia. A kind of echolalia is delayed echolalia.
  29. ↑ Bashe, PR (2001). The OASIS Guide to Asperger Syndrome; Advice, Support, Insight, and Inspiration. Crown Publishers. p. 22.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  30. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), p. 389 evasion n. 1. a form of paralogia in which an idea that is logically next in a chain of thought is replaced by another idea closely but not accurately or appropriately related to it. 2. elusion or avoidance.
  31. ↑ Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2017), Appendix B Glossary of Psychiatry and Psychology Terms evasion ... consists of suppressing an idea that is next in a thought series and replacing it with another idea closely related to it. Also called paralogia; perverted logic.
  32. 1 2 Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (2008), "Chapter 6 Psychiatric Rating Scales", OTHER SCALES, Table 6-6 Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Positive formal thought disorder, p. 45 includes and defines Derailment, Tangentiality, Incoherence, Illogicality, Circumstantiality, Pressure of speech, Distractible speech, Clanging.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thought Disorder (2016), 25.5. Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Thought Disorder, pp. 502-503. อ้างอิง
    • Andreasen, NC (November 1979). "Thought, language, and communication disorders. I. Clinical assessment, definition of terms, and evaluation of their reliability". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 36 (12): 1315–21. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120045006. PMID 496551.
    • Andreasen, NC (1979). "The clinical assessment of thought, language, and communication disorders: II. Diagnostic significance". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 36: 1325–1330.
    • Andreasen, NC; Hoffrnann, RE; Grove, WM (1984). Alpert, M, ed. Mapping abnormalities in language and cognition. Controversies in schizophrenia, 1985. New York: Guilford Press. pp. 199–226.
  34. ↑ Oyebode, Femi (2015). "10 Disorder of Speech and Language". Sims’ Symptoms in the Mind (5th ed.). Elsevier. Schizophrenic Language Disorder, Clinical Description and Thought Disorder, p. 167. ISBN 978-0-7020-5556-0.
  35. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), pp. 696 neologism n. a newly coined word or expression. In a neurological or psychopathological context, neologisms, whose origins and meanings are usually nonsensical and unrecognizable (e.g., klipno for watch), are typically associated with aphasia or schizophrenia. ...
  36. ↑ Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2017), Appendix B Glossary of Psychiatry and Psychology Terms neologism New word or phrase whose derivation cannot be understood; often seen in schizophrenia. ...
  37. 1 2 Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (2008), "Chapter 4 Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry", GLOSSARY OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, p. 29
  38. 1 2 3 Akiskal, Hagop S (2016). "1 The Mental Status Examination". In Fatemi, S Hossein; Clayton, Paula J. The Medical Basis of Psychiatry (4th ed.). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. 1.5.5. Speech and Thought., pp. 8-10. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2528-5. ISBN 978-1-4939-2528-5. * "This form of thought is most characteristic of mania and tends to be overinclusive, with difficulty in excluding irrelevant, extraneous details from the association."
  39. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), p. 751. overinclusion n. failure of an individual to eliminate ineffective or inappropriate responses associated with a particular stimulus.
  40. ↑ Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2017), Appendix B Glossary of Psychiatry and Psychology Terms perseveration 1. Pathological repetition of the same response to different stimuli, as in a repetition of the same verbal response to different questions. 2. Persistent repetition of specific words or concepts in the process of speaking. Seen in organic mental disorders, schizophrenia, and other mental illness. ...
  41. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), pp. 781 perseveration n. ... 5. in speech and language, the abnormal or inappropriate repetition of a sound, word, or phrase, as occurs in stuttering. ...
  42. ↑ Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (2008), "Chapter 6 Psychiatric Rating Scales", OTHER SCALES, Table 6-6 Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Positive formal thought disorder, p. 45
  43. ↑ Peralta, Victor; Cuesta, Manuel J; de Leon, Jose (March–April 1992). "Formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: A factor analytic study". Comprehensive Psychiatry. Elsevier.CS1 maint: Date format (link)
  44. ↑ Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2017), Appendix B Glossary of Psychiatry and Psychology Terms stilted speech Excessively formal, stiff, stylized, or pompous speech; overly polite, distant, or antiquated speech.
  45. ↑ Liddle, Peter F (2001). Disordered mind and brain: the neural basis of mental symptoms. Royal College of Psychiatrists. p. 301. ISBN 1-901242-65-X. inappropriately pompous, legalistic, philosophical, or quaint
  46. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), pp. 1065 tangentiality n. a thought disturbance that is marked by oblique speech in which the person constantly digresses to irrelevant topics and fails to arrive at the main point. In extreme form, it is a manifestation of loosening of associations, a symptom frequently seen in schizophrenia or delirium. ...
  47. ↑ Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2017), Appendix B Glossary of Psychiatry and Psychology Terms tangentiality Disturbance in which the person replies to a question in an oblique, digressive, or even irrelevant manner and the central idea is not communicated. ...
  48. 1 2 Clinical Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorders (2017), THINKING DISTURBANCES, Continuity. "Word salad describes the stringing together of words that seem to have no logical association, and verbigeration describes the disappearance of understandable speech, replaced by strings of incoherent utterances."
  49. ↑ Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (2008), "Chapter 4 Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry", GLOSSARY OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, p. 32
  50. 1 2 Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2017), "Appendix B: Glossary of Psychiatry and Psychology Terms" "content thought disorder Disturbance in thinking in which a person exhibits delusions that may be multiple, fragmented, and bizarre."
  51. 1 2 APA dictionary of psychology (2015), p. 242 "content-thought disorder a type of thought disturbance, typically found in schizophrenia and some other mental disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder, mania), characterized by multiple fragmented delusions."
  52. ↑ Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2017), "Appendix B: Glossary of Psychiatry and Psychology Terms" "formal thought disorder Disturbance in the form of thought rather than the content of thought; thinking characterized by loosened associations, neologisms, and illogical constructs; thought process is disordered, and the person is defined as psychotic. Characteristic of schizophrenia."
  53. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), p. 432 "formal thought disorder disruptions in the form or structure of thinking. Examples include derailment and tangentiality. It is distinct from thought disorder, in which the disturbance relates to thought content."
  54. ↑ American Psychiatry Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
    • As the proper formal thought disorder: "Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders", Key Features That Define the Psychotic Disorders, Disorganized Thinking (Speech), p. 88 "Disorganized thinking (formal thought disorder) is typically inferred from the individual’s speech. ..."
    • As possibly something else: "Dissociative Disorders", Differential Diagnosis, Psychotic disorders, p. 296 "... Dissociative experiences of identity fragmentation or possession, and of perceived loss of control over thoughts, feelings, impulses, and acts, may be confused with signs of formal thought disorder, such as thought insertion or withdrawal. ..."
  55. ↑ "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (CDDG)" (PDF). World Health Organization. 1992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2004-10-17.
    • F06.2 Organic delusional [schizophrenia-like] disorder, p.59: Features suggestive of schizophrenia, such as bizarre delusions, hallucinations, or thought disorder, may also be present. ... Diagnostic guidelines ... Hallucinations, thought disorder, or isolated catatonic phenomena may be present. ...
    • F20.0 Paranoid schizophrenia, p. 80: ... Thought disorder may be obvious in acute states, but if so it does not prevent the typical delusions or hallucinations from being described clearly. ...
    • F20.1 Hebephrenic schizophrenia, p. 81: ... In addition, disturbances of affect and volition, and thought disorder are usually prominent. Hallucinations and delusions may be present but are not usually prominent. ...
  56. ↑ The British Medical Association Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Dorling Kindersley. 2002. p. 547. ISBN 0-7513-3383-2. thought disorders Abnormalities in the structure or content of thought, as reflected in a person’s speech, writing, or behaviour. ...
  57. ↑ The BMA Illustrated Medical Dictionary (2002)
    • p. 470 psychosis: ... Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders, loss of affect, mania, and depression. ...
    • p. 499-500 schizophrenia: ... The main symptoms are various forms of delusions such as those of persecution (which are typical of paranoid schizophrenia); hallucinations, which are usually auditory (hearing voices), but which may also be visual or tactile; and thought disorder, leading to impaired concentration and thought processes. ...
  58. ↑ Matorin, Anu A; Shah, Asim A; Ruiz, Pedro (2017). "8 Clinical Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorders". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. THINKING DISTURBANCES, Flow and Form Disturbances. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1. Although formal thought disorder typically refers to marked abnormalities in the form and flow or connectivity of thought, some clinicians use the term broadly to include any psychotic cognitive sign or symptom.
  59. ↑ The Mental Status Examination (2016), 1.6.2. Disturbances in Thinking., pp. 14-15.
  60. 1 2 Phenomenology of Schizophrenia (2017), THE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA.
    • "... By the mid-1980s, factor analytic techniques were being more broadly applied to the assessment of the symptoms of schizophrenia, and separate investigators found that three dimensions or subsyndromes of schizophrenia could be derived from rating scales. ... "
    • "... Scales or combinations of scales that include more diverse examples of psychopathology lead to the reliable derivation of psychotic, negative, disorganization, depression and anxiety, and agitation dimensions. ..."
    • "... there has been a remarkable consistency in the finding of these same five factors. ..."
    • "... This dissection of the syndrome of schizophrenia into subsyndromes will multiply if more and more elaborate assessments of signs, symptoms, and history are completed. ..."
  61. 1 2 Coryell, William; Clayton, Paula J (2016). "4 Bipolar Illness". In Fatemi, S Hossein; Clayton, Paula J. The Medical Basis of Psychiatry (4th ed.). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. 4.7. Clinical Picture, 4.7.2. Symptoms, p. 59. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2528-5. ISBN 978-1-4939-2528-5.
  62. ↑ Oyebode, Femi (2015). "10 Disorder of Speech and Language". Sims' Symptoms in the Mind: Textbook of Descriptive Psychopathology (5th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. Schizophrenic Language Disorder, CLINICAL DESCRIPTION AND THOUGHT DISORDER, p. 167. ISBN 978-0-7020-5556-0.
  63. 1 2 Thought Disorder (2016), 25.6. Relationship Between Thought Disorders and Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia., pp. 503-504.
  64. ↑ DSM-5 (2013), Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Key Features That Define the Psychotic Disorders, Disorganized Thinking (Speech), p.88.
  65. ↑ Ivleva, Elena I; Tamminga, Carol A (2017). "12.16 Psychosis as a Defining Dimension in Schizophrenia". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. DSM-5: AN UPDATED DEFINITION OF PSYCHOSIS. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1.
  66. ↑ Akiskal, Hagop S (2017). "13.4 Mood Disorders: Clinical Features". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. BIPOLAR DISORDERS, Bipolar I Disorder, Acute Mania. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1.
  67. ↑ {{cite book | editor1-last = Sadock | editor1-first = Virginia A | editor2-last = Sadock | editor2-first = Benjamin J | editor3-last = Ruiz | editor3-first = Pedro | year = 2017 | title = Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry | edition = 10th | isbn = 978-1-4511-0047-1 | publisher = Wolters Kluwer | last1 = Ninivaggi | first1 = Frank John | chapter = 28.1 Malingering | at = CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF MALINGERING, Psychological Symptomatology: Clinical Presentations, Psychosis.
  68. ↑ Sikich, Linmarie; Chandrasekhar, Tara (2017). "53 Early-Onset Psychotic Disorders". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, Autism Spectrum Disorders. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1.
  69. ↑ Solomon, M; Ozonoff, S; Carter, C; Caplan, R (2008). "Formal thought disorder and the autism spectrum: relationship with symptoms, executive control, and anxiety". J Autism Dev Disord. 38 (8): 1474–84. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0526-6. PMC 5519298. PMID 18297385.
  70. ↑ APA dictionary of psychology (2015), pp. 960 semantic priming an effect in which the processing of a stimulus is more efficient after the earlier processing of a meaningfully related stimulus, as opposed to an unrelated or perceptually related stimulus. For example, responses to the word nurse would be faster following presentation of the word doctor than of the word purse.
  71. ↑ Harvey, Philip D; Keefe, Richard SE; Eesley, Charles E (2017). "12.10 Neurocognition in Schizophrenia". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. RELATIONSHIP OF NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT TO SCHIZOPHRENIA SYMPTOMS, Formal Thought Disorder. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1.
  72. ↑ Bentall, R. (2003). Madness explained: Psychosis and Human Nature. London: Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN 0-7139-9249-2.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  73. ↑ Thought Disorder (2016), 25.6. Relationship Between Thought Disorders and Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia., pp. 503-504. cited
    • Arndt, S; Alliger, RJ; Andreasen, NC (1991). "The positive and negative symptom distinction: the failure of a two-dimensional model". Br J Psychiatry. 158: 317–322.
    • Bilder, RM; Mukhedee, S; Rieder, RO; Pandurangi, AK (1985). "Symptomatic and neuropsychological components of defect states". Schizophr Bull. 11: 409–419.
    • Liddle, PF (1987). "The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: a reexamination of the positive-negative dichotomy". Br J Psychiatry. 151: 145–151.
  74. ↑ Miller, D; Arndt, S; Andreasen, N (2004). "Alogia, attentional impairment, and inappropriate affect: Their status in the dimensions of schizophrenia". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 34: 221–226.
  75. ↑ Phenomenology of Schizophrenia (2017), THE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, Negative Symptoms. "The two-syndrome concept as formulated by T. J. Crow was especially important in spurring research into the nature of negative symptoms. ...—but this does not diminish the creative efforts that led to these scales or importance of these scales for research. In fact, it was only through careful analysis of the structure of symptoms in these scales that a more accurate characterization of the phenomenology of schizophrenia was possible."
  76. ↑ Houghtalen, Rory P; Mcintyre, John S (2017). "7.1 Psychiatric Interview, History, and Mental Status Examination of the Adult Patient". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Table 7.1-5. Elements of the Mental Status Examination with Examples of Abnormal Findings. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1. Thought content: obsession, delusion, magical thinking, overvalued ideas, ideas of reference or influence, persecutory ideas.
  77. ↑ Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (2008), "Chapter 1 Psychiatric History and Mental Status Examination", MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION, Thought Disorder, Thought Content., p. 7.
  78. 1 2 Sadock, Benjamin J (2017). "7.2 Outline for a Psychiatric Examination". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. MENTAL STATUS, Table 7.2-1. Common Questions for the Psychiatric History and Mental Status. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1. Thought content: Delusions— persecutory (paranoid), grandiose, infidelity, somatic, sensory, thought broadcasting, thought insertion, ideas of reference, ideas of unreality, phobias, obsessions, compulsions, ambivalence, autism, dereism, blocking, suicidal or homicidal preoccupation, conflicts, nihilistic ideas, hypochondriasis, depersonalization, derealization, flight of ideas, idé fixe, magical thinking, neologisms.
  79. ↑ Psychiatric Interview, History, and Mental Status Examination of the Adult Patient (2017), HISTORY AND EXAMINATION, Risk Assessment "Suicidal, violent, and homicidal ideation fall under the category of thought content..."
  80. 1 2 Clinical Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorders (2017), THINKING DISTURBANCES, Thought Content, Disturbances in Thought Contents.
  81. ↑ Clinical Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorders (2017), THINKING DISTURBANCES, Thought Content, Delusions.
  82. ↑ Clinical Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorders (2017), THINKING DISTURBANCES, Thought Content.
  83. ↑ Clinical Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorders (2017), THINKING DISTURBANCES, Types of Thinking.
  84. ↑ Clinical Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorders (2017), THINKING DISTURBANCES, Normal Thinking.
  85. ↑ Psychiatric Interview, History, and Mental Status Examination of the Adult Patient (2017), HISTORY AND EXAMINATION, Thought Content & Table 7.1-7. Examples of Delusional Thought
  86. ↑ Fatemi, S Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D (2016). "6 Schizophrenia". In Fatemi, S Hossein; Clayton, Paula J. The Medical Basis of Psychiatry (4th ed.). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. 6.6. Clinical Findings, 6.6.2. Mental Status Examination in a Subject with Schizophrenia, 6.6.2.5. Thought Form and Content, p. 103. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2528-5. ISBN 978-1-4939-2528-5.

อ้างอิงอื่น ๆ

  • VandenBos, Gary R, ed. (2015). APA dictionary of psychology (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/14646-000. ISBN 978-1-4338-1944-5.
  • Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro, eds. (2017). Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1.
  • Sadock, B. J.; Sadock, VA (2008). Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781787468.
  • Andreasen, Nancy C (2016). "25 Thought Disorder". In Fatemi, S Hossein; Clayton, Paula J. The Medical Basis of Psychiatry (4th ed.). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 497–505. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2528-5. ISBN 978-1-4939-2528-5.

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ความผิดต่อองค์พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย ความผิดปกติทางบุคลิกภาพ ความผิดปกติทางอารมณ์ ความผิดปรกติในความคิด ความผิดต่อองค์พระมหากษัตริย์ ความผิดปกติทางบุคลิกภาพแบบหลงตัวเอง ความผันแปรได้ทางพันธุกรรม ความผิดปกติที่เกิดหลังความเครียดที่สะเทือนใจ ความผิดทางพินัย ความผิดปกติทางจิต

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WikiPedia: ความผิดปรกติในความคิด http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0... //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5519298 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297385 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19521143 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/496551 http://www.who.int/entity/classifications/icd/en/b... //doi.org/10.1001%2Farchpsyc.1979.01780120045006 //doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-2528-5 //doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10803-007-0526-6 //doi.org/10.1037%2F14646-000