อ้างอิง ของ สงครามกลางเมืองอเมริกา

↑ "The Belligerent Rights of the Rebels at an End. All Nations Warned Against Harboring Their Privateers. If They Do Their Ships Will be Excluded from Our Ports. Restoration of Law in the State of Virginia. The Machinery of Government to be Put in Motion There". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Associated Press. May 10, 1865.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Official DOD data
1 2 3 4 Fox, William F. Regimental losses in the American Civil War (1889)
↑ John W. Chambers, II, ed. in chief, The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-19-507198-6. P. 849.>
↑ Time Life Books; 1st edition (1987), ASIN B000LF840C
↑ Howard Jones, Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War (1999) p. 154.
↑ Frank J. Williams, "Doing Less and Doing More: The President and the Proclamation—Legally, Militarily and Politically," in Harold Holzer, ed. The Emancipation Proclamation (2006) pp. 74–5.
↑ Huddleston 2002, p. 3.
↑ Paul Boyer; และคณะ (2010). The Enduring Vision, Volume I: To 1877. Cengage Learning. p. 343.
↑ Laurence F. Jones; Edward C. Olson (1996). Political Science Research: A Handbook of Scope and Methods. HarperCollins College Publishers. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-06-501637-6. Then, in the buildup to the Civil War, large numbers of Americans began thinking of themselves as something other than American, for example, southerners.
↑ Catton 1960, p. 10.
↑ Coates, Ta-Nehisi (22 June 2015). "What This Cruel War Was Over". The Atlantic. สืบค้นเมื่อ 21 December 2016.
↑ Catton 1960, pp. 7-8.
↑ U.S. Constitution, Art.IV, sec. 2, Cl.3
↑ Arrington, Benjamin T. "Industry and Economy during the Civil War". National Park Service (in อังกฤษ).
↑ PRIGG V. PENNSYLVANIA, 41 U. S. 539 :: Volume 41 :: 1842 :: US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez
↑ Baker, H. Robert. "Personal Liberty Laws". ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM (in Eng). สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 September 2017.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
↑ Murray, Williamson; Wayne, Hsieh (2016). A savage War: A Military History of the Civil War. Princetn Univ. Press.
1 2 3 Catton 1960, p. 11.
↑ "Missouri Compromise" (in อังกฤษ). History Channel. สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 September 2017.
↑ "Wilmot Proviso" (in อังกฤษ). History Channel. สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 September 2017.
↑ James Munro McPherson, Drawn With the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War, Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 29.
↑ Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Vintage Books, Modern Library Edition, 1991, p. 150 ("The most dreadful part of slavery, to my mind, is its outrages of feelings and affections—the separating of families, for example.")
↑ Jordan-Lake, Joy (2005). Whitewashing Uncle Tom's Cabin: Nineteenth-Century Women Novelists Respond to Stowe. Vanderbilt University Press.
↑ Catton 1960, p. 13.
1 2 Dunne & Regan 2015, pp. 30-31.
↑ Watts, Dale (1995). ""How Bloody Was Bleeding Kansas? Political Killings in Kansas territory, 1854–1861"". Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains. 18 (2): 116–29.
↑ Finkelman, Paul (2007). "Scott v. Sandford: The Court's Most Dreadful Case and How it Changed History" (PDF). Chicago-Kent Law Review. 82 (3): 41.
↑ Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857)
↑ Address to the people of Illinois, in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, I, p. 315
↑ House Divided Speech, Lincoln Home (last visited Sep 15, 2017)
↑ Faragher, John Mack; และคณะ (2005). Out of Many: A History of the American People (Revised Printing (4th Ed) ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. p. 388. ISBN 0-13-195130-0.
↑ "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives". United States House of Representatives. สืบค้นเมื่อ 15 กันยายน 2017.
1 2 3 4 Dunn & Regan 2015, p. 36.
↑ Catton 1960, p. 19.
↑ "Date of Secession Related to 1860 Black Population", America's Civil War
↑ McPherson 1988, p. 24.
↑ [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29501 Buchanan, James,Fourth Annual Message to Congress on the State of the UnionDecember 3, 1860]
↑ Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan campaign of 1896 Volume III (1920) pp. 41–66
↑ "First Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln (อังกฤษ)". The Avalon Project.
↑ ibid.
↑ Potter & Fehrenbacher 1976, p. 572–73.
↑ Catton 1960, pp. 25-26.
↑ Allan Nevins, The War for the Union: The Improvised War 1861–1862 (1959), pp. 74–75.
↑ McClintock, Russell (1959). Lincoln and the Decision for War: The Northern Response to Secession. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 254-74. ISBN 978-0-8078-3188-5.
↑ Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan campaign of 1896 Volume III (1920) pp. 291–92
↑ McPherson 1988, p. 274.
↑ Howard Louis Conard (1901). Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri. p. 45.
1 2 Catton 1960, p. 26.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 276–307.
↑ Catton 1960, p. 33.
↑ Albert Bernhardt Faust, The German Element in the United States (1909) v. 1, p. 523 online
↑ Hallock, Judith Lee (1983). online ""The Role of the Community in Civil War Desertion"" Check |url= value (help). Civil War History. 29 (2): 123–34.
↑ Bearman, Peter S. (1991). ""Desertion as localism: Army unit solidarity and group norms in the U.S. Civil War"". Social Forces. 70 (2): 321–42.
↑ Tucker, Pierpaoli & White 2010, p. 462.
↑ Welles 1865, p. 152.
↑ Bourne 1961, p. 623-25.
↑ Sven Beckert, "Emancipation and empire: Reconstructing the worldwide web of cotton production in the age of the American Civil War." American Historical Review 109#5 (2004): 1405–1438. in JSTOR; Beckert, Empire of cotton: A new history of global capitalism (2014) pp 241–73.
↑ Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 604.
↑ "U.S. Navy, Maritime History of Massachusetts--A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". nps.gov. สืบค้นเมื่อ 31 October 2015.
↑ Bulloch 1884, p. 2.
↑ Scharf 1894, p. 53-54.
↑ "American Civil War: The Blockade and the War at Sea". historyofwar.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 31 October 2015.
↑ Nelson 2005, p. 345.
↑ Sondhaus, Naval Warfare 1815–1914, p. 85.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 424–27.
1 2 McPherson 1988, pp. 538–44.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 528–33.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 557–558.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 571–74.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 639–45.
↑ Noyalas, Jonathan A. (2010). Stonewall Jackson's 1862 Valley Campaign. Arcadia Publishing. p. 93.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 653–663.
↑ McPherson 1988, p. 664.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 404–05.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 418–20.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 480–83.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 405–13.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 637–38.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 677–80.
1 2 3 Keegan 2009, p. 270.
1 2 3 Keegan 2009, p. 100.
↑ James B. Martin, Third War: Irregular Warfare on the Western Border 1861–1865 (Combat Studies Institute Leavenworth Paper series, number 23, 2012)
↑ Michael Fellman, Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri during the Civil War (1989). แค่เฉพาะในมิสซูรีก็มีการเข้าห้ำหั่นกันกว่า 1,000 ครั้ง ระหว่างหน่วยรบประจำการ กับหน่วยรบกองโจรที่สนับสนุนสมาพันธรัฐ ซึ่งมีเป็นจำนวนมากในดินแดนตะวันตกที่เพิ่งได้รับการบุกเบิกใหม่
↑ Bohl, Sarah (2004). "A War on Civilians: Order Number 11 and the Evacuation of Western Missouri". Prologue. 36 (1): 44–51.
↑ Graves, William H. (1991). "Indian Soldiers for the Gray Army: Confederate Recruitment in Indian Territory". Chronicles of Oklahoma. 69 (2): 134–145.
↑ Neet, J. Frederick; Jr (1996). "Stand Watie: Confederate General in the Cherokee Nation". Great Plains Journal. 6 (1): 36–51.
↑ Davis 1999, p. 94.
↑ Maritime Activity Reports (1942), Marine News, 29
↑ U.S. Grant (1990). Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant; Selected Letters. Library of America. p. 247. ISBN 0-940450-58-5.
↑ Field, Ron (2013). Petersburg 1864–65: The Longest Siege. Osprey Publishing. p. 6.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 723–24.
↑ "Civil War Battle Summaries by Campaign". American Battlefield Protection Program. National Park Service. c. 2014. สืบค้นเมื่อ December 12, 2016.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 778–79.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 812–15.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 825–30.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 846.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 847-48.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 848.
↑ McPherson 1988, pp. 849.
↑ "General Kirby Smith Surrenders the Trans-Mississippi Forces". February 7, 2016. Web. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
↑ Morris, John Wesley (1977). Ghost towns of Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 68–69. ISBN 0-8061-1420-7.
↑ McPherson 1988, p. 861.
↑ ความยาวเส้นทางรถไฟมาจาก: Chauncey Depew (ed.), One Hundred Years of American Commerce 1795–1895, p. 111; สำหรับจำนวนประชากร ดู "1860 U.S. Census" (PDF).; Carter, Susan B., ed. (2006). The Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition (5 vols).CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
↑ Martis, Kenneth C., "The Historical Atlas of the Congresses of the Confederate States of America: 1861–1865" Simon & Schuster (1994) ISBN 0-13-389115-1 p. 27. At the beginning of 1865, the Confederacy controlled one-third of its congressional districts, which were apportioned by population. The major slave-populations found in Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Alabama were effectively under Union control by the end of 1864.
↑ Digital History Reader, U.S. Railroad Construction, 1860–1880 Virginia Tech, Retrieved August 21, 2012. "Total Union railroad miles" aggregates existing track reported 1860 @ 21800 plus new construction 1860–1864 @ 5000, plus southern railroads administered by USMRR @ 2300.

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