อ้างอิง ของ ความเอนเอียงเพื่อยืนยัน

  1. ↑ "ศัพท์บัญญัติอังกฤษ-ไทย, ไทย-อังกฤษ ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (คอมพิวเตอร์) รุ่น ๑.๑", ให้ความหมายของ bias ว่า "ความลำเอียง, -เอนเอียง"
  2. 1 2 Plous 1993, p. 233
  3. ↑ Nickerson, Raymond S. (June 1998). "Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises". Review of General Psychology. 2 (2): 175–220. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ↑ Darley, John M.; Gross, Paget H. (2000), "A Hypothesis-Confirming Bias in Labelling Effects", in Stangor, Charles, Stereotypes and prejudice: essential readings, Psychology Press, p. 212, ISBN 978-0-86377-589-5, OCLC 42823720
  5. ↑ Risen & Gilovich 2007
  6. ↑ Nickerson 1998, pp. 177–178
  7. 1 2 3 4 Kunda 1999, pp. 112–115
  8. 1 2 Baron 2000, pp. 162–164
  9. ↑ Kida 2006, pp. 162–165
  10. ↑ Devine, Patricia G.; Hirt, Edward R.; Gehrke, Elizabeth M. (1990), "Diagnostic and confirmation strategies in trait hypothesis testing", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 58 (6): 952–963, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.952, ISSN 1939-1315
  11. ↑ Trope, Yaacov; Bassok, Miriam (1982), "Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 43 (1): 22–34, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.22, ISSN 1939-1315
  12. 1 2 3 Klayman, Joshua; Ha, Young-Won (1987), "Confirmation, Disconfirmation and Information in Hypothesis Testing" (PDF), Psychological Review, American Psychological Association, 94 (2): 211–228, doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94.2.211, ISSN 0033-295X, สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-08-14
  13. 1 2 3 Oswald & Grosjean 2004, pp. 82–83
  14. ↑ Kunda, Ziva; Fong, G.T.; Sanitoso, R.; Reber, E. (1993), "Directional questions direct self-conceptions", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Society of Experimental Social Psychology, 29: 62–63, ISSN 0022-1031 via Fine 2006, pp. 63–65
  15. 1 2 Shafir, E. (1993), "Choosing versus rejecting: why some options are both better and worse than others", Memory and Cognition, 21 (4): 546–556, PMID 8350746 via Fine 2006, pp. 63–65
  16. ↑ Snyder, Mark; Swann, Jr., William B. (1978), "Hypothesis-Testing Processes in Social Interaction", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 36 (11): 120ฃ2–1212, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.11.1202 via Poletiek 2001, p. 131
  17. 1 2 Kunda 1999, pp. 117–118
  18. 1 2 Albarracin, D.; Mitchell, A.L. (2004). "The Role of Defensive Confidence in Preference for Proattitudinal Information: How Believing That One Is Strong Can Sometimes Be a Defensive Weakness". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 30 (12): 1565–1584. doi:10.1177/0146167204271180.
  19. ↑ Fischer, P. (2010). "Physically Attractive Social Information Sources Lead to Increased Selective Exposure to Information". Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 32 (4): 340–347. doi:10.1080/01973533.2010.519208. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. 1 2 3 Stanovich, K. E. (2013). "Myside Bias, Rational Thinking, and Intelligence". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 22 (4): 259–264. doi:10.1177/0963721413480174. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  21. 1 2 Mynatt, Clifford R.; Doherty, Michael E.; Tweney, Ryan D. (1978), "Consequences of confirmation and disconfirmation in a simulated research environment", Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 30 (3): 395–406, doi:10.1080/00335557843000007
  22. ↑ Kida 2006, p. 157
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lord, Charles G.; Ross, Lee; Lepper, Mark R. (1979), "Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 37 (11): 2098–2109, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098, ISSN 0022-3514
  24. 1 2 Baron 2000, pp. 201–202
  25. ↑ Vyse 1997, p. 122
  26. 1 2 3 4 Taber, Charles S.; Lodge, Milton (July 2006), "Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs", American Journal of Political Science, Midwest Political Science Association, 50 (3): 755–769, doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x, ISSN 0092-5853
  27. 1 2 Westen, Drew; Blagov, Pavel S.; Harenski, Keith; Kilts, Clint; Hamann, Stephan (2006), "Neural Bases of Motivated Reasoning: An fMRI Study of Emotional Constraints on Partisan Political Judgment in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election" (PDF), Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18 (11): 1947–1958, doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1947, PMID 17069484, สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-08-14
  28. ↑ Gadenne, V.; Oswald, M. (1986), "Entstehung und Veränderung von Bestätigungstendenzen beim Testen von Hypothesen [Formation and alteration of confirmatory tendencies during the testing of hypotheses]", Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie, 33: 360–374 via Oswald & Grosjean 2004, p. 89
  29. ↑ Hastie, Reid; Park, Bernadette (2005), "The Relationship Between Memory and Judgment Depends on Whether the Judgment Task is Memory-Based or On-Line", in Hamilton, David L., Social cognition: key readings, New York: Psychology Press, p. 394, ISBN 0-86377-591-8, OCLC 55078722
  30. 1 2 3 Oswald & Grosjean 2004, pp. 88–89
  31. ↑ Stangor, Charles; McMillan, David (1992), "Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information: A review of the social and social developmental literatures", Psychological Bulletin, American Psychological Association, 111 (1): 42–61, doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.42
  32. 1 2 Snyder, M.; Cantor, N. (1979), "Testing hypotheses about other people: the use of historical knowledge", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15 (4): 330–342, doi:10.1016/0022-1031(79)90042-8 via Goldacre 2008, p. 231
  33. ↑ Kunda 1999, pp. 225–232
  34. ↑ Sanitioso, Rasyid; Kunda, Ziva; Fong, G.T. (1990), "Motivated recruitment of autobiographical memories", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 59 (2): 229–241, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.229, ISSN 0022-3514, PMID 2213492
  35. 1 2 3 4 Levine, L.; Prohaska, V.; Burgess, S.L.; Rice, J.A.; Laulhere, T.M. (2001). "Remembering past emotions: The role of current appraisals". Cognition and Emotion. 15: 393–417. doi:10.1080/02699930125955.
  36. ↑ Safer, M.A. (2001). ""It was never that bad": Biased recall of grief and long-term adjustment to the death of a spouse". Memory. 9 (3): 195–203. doi:10.1080/09658210143000065. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  37. 1 2 Russell, Dan; Jones, Warren H. (1980), "When superstition fails: Reactions to disconfirmation of paranormal beliefs", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 6 (1): 83–88, doi:10.1177/014616728061012, ISSN 1552-7433 via Vyse 1997, p. 121
  38. 1 2 3 Kuhn, Deanna; Lao, Joseph (March 1996), "Effects of Evidence on Attitudes: Is Polarization the Norm?", Psychological Science, American Psychological Society, 7 (2): 115–120, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00340.x
  39. ↑ Baron 2000, p. 201
  40. ↑ Miller, A.G.; McHoskey, J.W.; Bane, C.M.; Dowd, T.G. (1993), "The attitude polarization phenomenon: Role of response measure, attitude extremity, and behavioral consequences of reported attitude change", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64 (4): 561–574, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.561
  41. ↑ "backfire effect". The Skeptic's Dictionary. สืบค้นเมื่อ 26 April 2012.
  42. ↑ Silverman, Craig (2011-06-17). "The Backfire Effect". Columbia Journalism Review. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-05-01. When your deepest convictions are challenged by contradictory evidence, your beliefs get stronger.
  43. 1 2 3 4 Ross, Lee; Anderson, Craig A. (1982), "Shortcomings in the attribution process: On the origins and maintenance of erroneous social assessments", in Kahneman, Daniel; Slovic, Paul; Tversky, Amos, Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases, Cambridge University Press, pp. 129–152, ISBN 978-0-521-28414-1, OCLC 7578020
  44. 1 2 3 4 Nickerson 1998, p. 187
  45. ↑ Kunda 1999, p. 99
  46. ↑ Ross, Lee; Lepper, Mark R.; Hubbard, Michael (1975), "Perseverance in self-perception and social perception: Biased attributional processes in the debriefing paradigm", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 32 (5): 880–892, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.880, ISSN 0022-3514, PMID 1185517 via Kunda 1999, p. 99
  47. 1 2 3 Anderson, Craig A.; Lepper, Mark R.; Ross, Lee (1980), "Perseverance of Social Theories: The Role of Explanation in the Persistence of Discredited Information", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 39 (6): 1037–1049, doi:10.1037/h0077720, ISSN 0022-3514
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 Baron 2000, pp. 197–200
  49. 1 2 3 Fine 2006, pp. 66–70
  50. 1 2 Plous 1993, pp. 164–166
  51. ↑ Redelmeir, D. A.; Tversky, Amos (1996), "On the belief that arthritis pain is related to the weather", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93 (7): 2895–2896, doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.2895 via Kunda 1999, p. 127
  52. 1 2 3 Kunda 1999, pp. 127–130
  53. ↑ Plous 1993, pp. 162–164
  54. ↑ ดัดแปลงจาก Fielder, Klaus (2004), "Illusory correlation", in Pohl, Rüdiger F., Cognitive Illusions: A Handbook on Fallacies and Biases in Thinking, Judgement and Memory, Hove, UK: Psychology Press, p. 103, ISBN 978-1-84169-351-4, OCLC 55124398
  55. ↑ Stanovich, K. E. (5 August 2013). "Myside Bias, Rational Thinking, and Intelligence". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 22 (4): 259–264. doi:10.1177/0963721413480174. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  56. ↑ Baron, Jonathan (1995). "Myside bias in thinking about abortion". Thinking & Reasoning: 221–235.
  57. 1 2 3 Wolfe, Christopher; Anne Britt (2008). "The locus of the myside bias in written argumentation". Thinking & Reasoning: 1–27.
  58. ↑ Mason, Lucia; Scirica, Fabio (October 2006). "Prediction of students' argumentation skills about controversial topics by epistemological understanding". Learning and Instruction. 16 (5): 492–509. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2006.09.007.
  59. ↑ Weinstock, Michael (December 2009). "Relative expertise in an everyday reasoning task: Epistemic understanding, problem representation, and reasoning competence". Learning and Individual Differences. 19 (4): 423–434. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2009.03.003.
  60. ↑ Weinstock, Michael (January 2004). "Missing the point or missing the norms? Epistemological norms as predictors of students' ability to identify fallacious arguments". Contemporary Educational Psychology. 29 (1): 77–94. doi:10.1016/S0361-476X(03)00024-9. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  61. 1 2 Baron 2000, pp. 195–196
  62. ↑ Thucydides 4.108.4
  63. ↑ Alighieri, Dante. Paradiso canto XIII: 118–120. Trans. Allen Mandelbaum
  64. 1 2 Bacon, Francis (1620) . Novum Organum. reprinted in Burtt, E.A., ed. (1939), The English philosophers from Bacon to Mill, New York: Random House, p. 36 via Nickerson 1998, p. 176
  65. ↑ Tolstoy, Leo. What is Art? p. 124 (1899) .ในงานชิ้นโบแดงของตอลสตอย The Kingdom of God Is Within You (ราชอาณาจักรของพระเจ้าอยู่ในตัวคุณ) (ค.ศ. 1893) เขาได้กล่าวคำที่คล้ายกันไว้ว่า "เรื่องที่ยากที่สุดสามารถอธิบายให้คนที่มีสติปัญญาช้าที่สุด ถ้าเขายังไม่มีความเห็นในเรื่องนั้นแต่เรื่องที่ง่ายที่สุดกลับไม่สามารถทำให้ชัดเจนแก่คนที่ฉลาดที่สุดถ้าเขาเชื่อว่าเขารู้แล้ว โดยไร้เงาของความสงสัย ว่าอะไรเป็นอะไร" (บทที่ 3)แปลจากภาษารัสเซียโดยคอนแสต็นซ์ การ์เน็ตต์ มหานครนิวยอร์ก ค.ศ. 1894Project Gutenberg edition เรียกดูเมื่อ 2009-08-24.
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  69. ↑ Lewicka 1998, p. 238
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  78. 1 2 Hergovich, Schott & Burger 2010
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  114. ↑ Tetlock, Philip E. (2005), Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know?, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 125–128, ISBN 978-0-691-12302-8, OCLC 56825108
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  117. ↑ "David Camm v. State of Indiana" (PDF). Court of Appeals of Indiana. 2011-11-15.
  118. ↑ Boyd, Gordon (September 10, 2013). "Camm trial 9/10: Defense finds inconsistencies but can't touch Boney's past". WBRC.
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  120. ↑ Eisenmenger, Sarah (September 9, 2013). "Convicted Killer Charles Boney says David Camm was the shooter". wave3. สืบค้นเมื่อ January 5, 2014.
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  128. 1 2 Koehler 1993
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  133. ↑ PMID 11440947 (PubMed)
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  134. ↑ Shermer, Michael (July 2006), "The Political Brain", Scientific American, ISSN 0036-8733, สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-08-14
  135. ↑ PMID 21098355 (PubMed)
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  136. ↑ Horrobin 1990
  137. 1 2 Swann, William B.; Pelham, Brett W.; Krull, Douglas S. (1989), "Agreeable Fancy or Disagreeable Truth? Reconciling Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 57 (5): 782–791, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.782, ISSN 0022-3514, PMID 2810025
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  140. ↑ White, Michael J.; Brockett, Daniel R.; Overstreet, Belinda G. (1993), "Confirmatory Bias in Evaluating Personality Test Information: Am I Really That Kind of Person?", Journal of Counseling Psychology, American Psychological Association, 40 (1): 120–126, doi:10.1037/0022-0167.40.1.120, ISSN 0022-0167
  141. ↑ Swann, William B.; Read, Stephen J. (1981), "Acquiring Self-Knowledge: The Search for Feedback That Fits", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association, 41 (6): 1119–1128, ISSN 0022-3514
  142. ↑ Shrauger, J. Sidney; Lund, Adrian K. (1975), "Self-evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others", Journal of Personality, Duke University Press, 43 (1): 94–108, doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00574, PMID 1142062
  • Baron, Jonathan (2000), Thinking and deciding (3rd ed.), New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-65030-5, OCLC 316403966
  • Plous, Scott (1993), The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-050477-6, OCLC 26931106
  • Risen, Jane; Gilovich, Thomas (2007), "Informal Logical Fallacies", in Sternberg, Robert J.; Roediger III, Henry L.; Halpern, Diane F., Critical Thinking in Psychology, Cambridge University Press, pp. 110–130, ISBN 978-0-521-60834-3, OCLC 69423179

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