อ้างอิง ของ โรคจิตเภท

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  11. ↑ "Schizophrenia", ศัพท์บัญญัติอังกฤษ-ไทย, ไทย-อังกฤษ ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (คอมพิวเตอร์) รุ่น ๑.๑ ฉบับ ๒๕๔๕, (แพทยศาสตร์) โรคจิตเภท
  12. ↑ Buckley, PF; Miller, BJ; Lehrer, DS; Castle, DJ (March 2009). "Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 35 (2): 383–402. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn135. PMC 2659306. PMID 19011234.
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  18. ↑ ((Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Collaborators)) (August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
  19. 1 2 3 Lawrence, Ryan E.; First, Michael B.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A. (2015). "Chapter 48: Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses". In Tasman, Allan; Kay, Jerald; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; First, Michael B.; Riba, Michelle B. Psychiatry (fourth ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 798, 816, 819. doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch48. ISBN 978-1-118-84547-9.
  20. ↑ Foster, A; Gable, J; Buckley, J (September 2012). "Homelessness in schizophrenia". The Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 35 (3): 717–34. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2012.06.010. PMID 22929875.
  21. 1 2 Hor, K; Taylor, M (November 2010). "Suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 24 (4 Suppl): 81–90. doi:10.1177/1359786810385490. PMC 2951591. PMID 20923923.
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  24. ↑ Hirsch, SR; Weinberger, DR (2003). Schizophrenia. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-632-06388-8. Archived from the original on 2015-03-20.
  25. ↑ Brunet-Gouet, E; Decety, J (December 2006). "Social brain dysfunctions in schizophrenia: a review of neuroimaging studies". Psychiatry Research. 148 (2–3): 75–92. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.05.001. PMID 17088049.
  26. ↑ ""How Social Isolation Is Killing Us". The New York Times. 2016-12-22. Archived from the original on 2019-10-19.
  27. ↑ Hirsch, SR; Weinberger, DR (2003). Schizophrenia. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-632-06388-8.
  28. ↑ Malenka, RC; Nestler, EJ; Hyman, SE (2009). "Chapter 6: Widely Projecting Systems: Monoamines, Acetylcholine, and Orexin". In Sydor, A; Brown, RY. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 147–148, 154–157. ISBN 9780071481274. Neurons from the SNc densely innervate the dorsal striatum where they play a critical role in the learning and execution of motor programs. Neurons from the VTA innervate the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens), olfactory bulb, amygdala, hippocampus, orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, and cingulate cortex. VTA DA neurons play a critical role in motivation, reward-related behavior, attention, and multiple forms of memory. ... Thus, acting in diverse terminal fields, dopamine confers motivational salience ("wanting") on the reward itself or associated cues (nucleus accumbens shell region), updates the value placed on different goals in light of this new experience (orbital prefrontal cortex), helps consolidate multiple forms of memory (amygdala and hippocampus), and encodes new motor programs that will facilitate obtaining this reward in the future (nucleus accumbens core region and dorsal striatum). ... DA has multiple actions in the prefrontal cortex. It promotes the "cognitive control" of behavior: the selection and successful monitoring of behavior to facilitate attainment of chosen goals. Aspects of cognitive control in which DA plays a role include working memory, the ability to hold information "on line" in order to guide actions, suppression of prepotent behaviors that compete with goal-directed actions, and control of attention and thus the ability to overcome distractions. ... Noradrenergic projections from the LC thus interact with dopaminergic projections from the VTA to regulate cognitive control. ...CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
  29. ↑ Malenka, RC; Nestler, EJ; Hyman, SE (2009). "Chapter 13: Higher Cognitive Function and Behavioral Control". In Sydor, A; Brown, RY. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 313–321. ISBN 9780071481274.  • Executive function, the cognitive control of behavior, depends on the prefrontal cortex, which is highly developed in higher primates and especially humans.
     • Working memory is a short-term, capacity-limited cognitive buffer that stores information and permits its manipulation to guide decision-making and behavior. ...
    These diverse inputs and back projections to both cortical and subcortical structures put the prefrontal cortex in a position to exert what is often called “top-down” control or cognitive control of behavior. ... The prefrontal cortex receives inputs not only from other cortical regions, including association cortex, but also, via the thalamus, inputs from subcortical structures subserving emotion and motivation, such as the amygdala (Chapter 14) and ventral striatum (or nucleus accumbens; Chapter 15). ...
    In conditions in which prepotent responses tend to dominate behavior, such as in drug addiction, where drug cues can elicit drug seeking (Chapter 15), or in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; described below), significant negative consequences can result. ... ADHD can be conceptualized as a disorder of executive function; specifically, ADHD is characterized by reduced ability to exert and maintain cognitive control of behavior. Compared with healthy individuals, those with ADHD have diminished ability to suppress inappropriate prepotent responses to stimuli (impaired response inhibition) and diminished ability to inhibit responses to irrelevant stimuli (impaired interference suppression). ... Functional neuroimaging in humans demonstrates activation of the prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus (part of the striatum) in tasks that demand inhibitory control of behavior. ... Early results with structural MRI show thinning of the cerebral cortex in ADHD subjects compared with age-matched controls in prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex, areas involved in working memory and attention.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
  30. ↑ Ungvari, GS; Caroff, SN; Gerevich, J (March 2010). "The catatonia conundrum: evidence of psychomotor phenomena as a symptom dimension in psychotic disorders". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 36 (2): 231–8. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp105. PMC 2833122. PMID 19776208.
  31. ↑ Kohler, CG; Walker, JB; Martin, EA; Healey, KM; Moberg, PJ (September 2010). "Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 36 (5): 1009–19. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn192. PMC 2930336. PMID 19329561. Archived from the original on 2015-07-25.
  32. ↑ Current diagnosis & treatment psychiatry (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2008. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-07-142292-5.
  33. ↑ Oyebode, Femi (2014). Sims' Symptoms in the Mind E-Book: Textbook of Descriptive Psychopathology (in อังกฤษ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-7020-5555-3.
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  37. ↑ Goroll, Allan H.; Mulley, Albert G. (2011). Primary Care Medicine: Office Evaluation and Management of The Adult Patient: Sixth Edition (in อังกฤษ). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. Chapter 101. ISBN 978-1-4511-2159-9.
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  43. ↑ Lewis, Stephen F; Escalona, Rodrigo; Keith, Samuel J (2017). "12.2 Phenomenology of Schizophrenia". In Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. THE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1.
    • "... By the mid-1980s, factor analytic techniques were being more broadly applied to the assessment of the symptoms of schizophrenia, and separate investigators found that three dimensions or subsyndromes of schizophrenia could be derived from rating scales. ... "
    • "... Scales or combinations of scales that include more diverse examples of psychopathology lead to the reliable derivation of psychotic, negative, disorganization, depression and anxiety, and agitation dimensions. ..."
    • "... there has been a remarkable consistency in the finding of these same five factors. ..."
    • "... This dissection of the syndrome of schizophrenia into subsyndromes will multiply if more and more elaborate assessments of signs, symptoms, and history are completed. ..."
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